မာတိကာသို့ ခုန်သွားရန်

ဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာအကြောင်းအကျဉ်းချုပ်

ဝီကီပီးဒီးယား မှ
တစ်စိတ်တစ်ပိုင်း ဖော်ပြချက်
ဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာ

ဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာဆိုသည်မှာ ဂေါတမဗုဒ္ဓတည်ထောင်ခဲ့သည့် ဘာသာတစ်ခု ဖြစ်ပြီး ယခုအခါတွင် ကမ္ဘာတစ်ဝန်းတွင် ဂိုဏ်းအမျိုးမျိုးဖြင့် ကျယ်ပြန့်စွာ ထွန်းကားလျက်ရှိသည်။

အောက်ပါတို့သည် ဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာနှင့်ပတ်သက်သည့် အကျဉ်းချုပ်နှင့် လမ်းညွှန်ဖြစ်သည်။

ဗုဒ္ဓ

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
ဂေါတမဗုဒ္ဓ

ဂေါတမဗုဒ္ဓ

ဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာ ဂိုဏ်းခွဲများ

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

ဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာကျောင်းတော်များ

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Schools of Buddhism တမ်းပလိတ်:Buddhist traditions timeline

ထေရဝါဒ

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Theravada — literally, "the Teaching of the Elders" or "the Ancient Teaching", it is the oldest surviving Buddhist school. It was founded in India. It is relatively conservative, and generally closer to early Buddhism,[၁] and for many centuries has been the predominant religion of Sri Lanka (now about 70% of the population[၂]) and most of continental Southeast Asia.

မဟာယာန

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Mahayana — literally the "Great Vehicle", it is the largest school of Buddhism, and originated in India. The term is also used for classification of Buddhist philosophies and practice. According to the teachings of Mahāyāna traditions, "Mahāyāna" also refers to the path of seeking complete enlightenment for the benefit of all sentient beings, also called "Bodhisattvayāna", or the "Bodhisattva Vehicle."[၃][၄]

Vajrayāna

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Vajrayana

The vajra, a distinct symbol of Vajrayana

Early Buddhist schools

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Early Buddhist schools

Buddhist modernism

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Buddhist modernism

Buddhism worldwide

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Buddhism by country

Percentage of formal/practicing Buddhists by the numbers of registered adherents (according to the least estimates).
Percentage of cultural/nominal adherents of combined Buddhism with its related religions (according to the highest estimates).

တမ်းပလိတ်:Africa in topic တမ်းပလိတ်:North America in topic တမ်းပလိတ်:South America in topic တမ်းပလိတ်:Asia in topic တမ်းပလိတ်:Buddhism in Europe တမ်းပလိတ်:Oceania in topic

ဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာစာပေနှင့် ကျမ်းဂန်များ

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Buddhist texts

ထေရဝါဒစာပေများ

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Pali literature

A collection of the Pali canon.

မဟာယာနစာပေများ

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
The Tripitaka Koreana in storage at Haeinsa.

Vajrayana စာပေများ

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

ဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာ၏ သမိုင်းကြောင်း

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

History of Buddhism

Doctrines of Buddhism

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
ဖိုင်:Dhamma Chart in English.gif
Core Buddhist concepts and their relationships
The relationship between the major concepts in Buddhism
အကျယ်တဝင့် ဖော်ပြထားသောဆောင်းပါးများ - Dharma (Buddhism) နှင့် Glossary of Buddhism

Three Jewels (Tiratana • Triratna)

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
The triratna, a symbol of the Three Jewels

Three Jewels

  • Buddha — Gautama Buddha, the Blessed One, the Awakened One, the Teacher
    • Accomplished (arahaṃ • arhat)
    • Fully enlightened (sammā-sambuddho • samyak-saṃbuddha)
    • Perfect in true knowledge and conduct (vijjā-caraṇa sampanno • vidyā-caraṇa-saṃpanna)
    • Sublime (sugato • sugata)
    • Knower of the worlds (lokavidū • loka-vid)
    • Incomparable leader of persons to be tamed (anuttaro purisa-damma-sārathi • puruṣa-damya-sārathi)
    • Teacher of devas and humans (satthā deva-manussānaṃ • śāsta deva-manuṣyāṇaṃ)
    • The Enlightened One (buddho)
    • The Blessed One (bhagavā • bhagavat)
  • Dhamma (Dharma) — the cosmic principle of truth, lawfulness, and virtue discovered, fathomed, and taught by the Buddha; the Buddha's teaching as an expression of that principle; the teaching that leads to enlightenment and liberation
    • Well expounded by the Blessed One (svākkhāto bhagavatā dhammo • svākhyāta)
    • Directly visible (sandiṭṭhiko • sāṃdṛṣṭika)
    • Immediate (akāliko • akālika)
    • Inviting one to come and see (ehi-passiko • ehipaśyika)
    • Worthy of application (opanayiko • avapraṇayika)
    • To be personally experienced by the wise (paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhi • pratyātmaṃ veditavyo vijñaiḥ)
  • Saṅgha (Saṃgha) — the spiritual community, which is twofold (1) the monastic Saṅgha, the order of monks and nuns; and (2) the noble Saṅgha, the spiritual community of noble disciples who have reached the stages of world-transcending realization
    • Practicing the good way (supaṭipanno bhagavato sāvaka-saṅgho)
    • Practicing the straight way (ujupaṭipanno bhagavato sāvaka-saṅgho)
    • Practicing the true way (ñāyapaṭipanno bhagavato sāvaka-saṅgho)
    • Practicing the proper way (sāmīcipaṭipanno bhagavato sāvaka-saṅgho)
    • Worthy of gifts (āhuṇeyyo)
    • Worthy of hospitality (pāhuṇeyyo)
    • Worthy of offerings (dakkhiṇeyyo)
    • Worthy of reverential salutation (añjalikaraṇīyo)
    • The unsurpassed field of merit for the world (anuttaraṃ puññākkhettaṃ lokassā)

သစ္စာလေးပါး (စတ္တာရိ အရိယသစ္စာနိ )

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

သစ္စာလေးပါး

၁. ဒုက္ခသစ္စာ (ဒုက္ခ အရိယသစ္စာ)

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
  • ဆင်းရဲခြင်းသဘော (ဒုက္ခ) — ပိုင်နိုင်စွာ နားလည်ခြင်း (ပရိညေယျ)
    • ကိုယ်၊ စိတ်နှစ်ပါး၏ ဆင်းရဲခြင်းသဘော၊ မူလအရင်းခံ ဆင်းရဲခြင်းသဘော (ဒုက္ခ)
    • အနိစ္စသဘောကြောင့်ဖြစ်သော ဒုက္ခ (ဝိပရိနာမ ဒုက္ခ)
      • အနီစ်သက်သူနှင့် ပေါင်းစည်းရခြင်း (အပ္ပိယေဟိ သမ္ပယောဂေါ)
      • နှစ်သက်သူနှင့် ကွေကွင်းရခြင်း (ပိယေဟိ ဝိပ္ပယောဂေါ)
      • လိုချင်သည်ကို မရခြင်း(ယံပိစ္ဆံ န လဘတိ တမ္ပိ)
    • သင်္ခါရသဘောကြောင့်ဖြစ်သော ဒုက္ခ (သင်္ခါရ ဒုက္ခ)
      • ခန္ဓာငါးပါးအဖွဲ့ (ဥပါဒါနက္ခခန္ဓာငါးပါး)
        • ဖောက်ပြန်တတ်သော ရုပ်အစုအဝေး (ရူပက္ခန္ဓာ • ရူပက္ခန္ဓ)
        • ခံစားတတ်သောနာမ်အစုအဝေး (ဝေဒနာက္ခန္ဓာ • ဝေဒနက္ခန္ဓ)
        • မှတ်သားတတ်မှုနာမ်အစုအဝေး (သညာက္ခန္ဓာ • သညက္ခန္ဓ)
        • ပြုပြင်တတ်သောသဘောနာမ်အစုအဝေး (သင်္ခါရက္ခန္ဓာ • သင်္ခါရက္ခန္ဓ)
        • သိမှုနာမ်အစုအဝေး (ဝိဉာဏက္ခန္ဓာ • ဝိညာဏက္ခန္ဓ)

2. The Noble Truth of the Origin of Suffering (Dukkha samudaya ariya sacca)

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

3. The Noble Truth of the Cessation of Suffering (Dukkha nirodha ariya sacca)

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
  • Nirvana (Nibbāna • Nirvāṇa) (nirodha) — to be realized (sacchikātabba)
    • Nibbāna element with residue remaining (sa-upādisesa nibbānadhātu • sopadhiśeṣa-nirvāṇa)
    • Nibbāna element with no residue remaining (anupādisesa nibbānadhātu • nir-upadhiśeṣa-nirvāṇa) — Parinirvana (parinibbāna • parinirvāṇa)

4. The Noble Truth of the Path of Practice leading to the Cessation of Suffering (Dukkha nirodha gāminī paṭipadā ariya sacca)

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
  • Noble Eightfold Path (Ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo • Ārya 'ṣṭāṅga mārgaḥ) — to be developed (bhāvetabba)
    • Right view
    • Right intention
    • Right speech
    • Right action
    • Right livelihood
    • Right effort
    • Right mindfulness
    • Right concentration

Three Characteristics of Existence (Tilakkhaṇa • Trilakṣaṇa)

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Three marks of existence

Five Aggregates (Pañca khandha • Pañca-skandha)

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Skandha

Dependent Origination (Paticcasamuppāda • Pratītyasamutpāda)

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
အကျယ်တဝင့် ဖော်ပြထားသောဆောင်းပါး - Pratītyasamutpāda

This/that Conditionality (Idappaccayatā)

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
အကျယ်တဝင့် ဖော်ပြထားသောဆောင်းပါး - Idappaccayatā
When this is, that is.
From the arising of this comes the arising of that.
When this isn't, that isn't.
From the cessation of this comes the cessation of that. 		Imasmiṃ sati, idaṃ hoti.
Imass’ uppādā, idaṃ uppajjati.
Imasmiṃ asati, idaṃ na hoti.
Imassa nirodhā, idhaṃ nirujjhati.
[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
အကျယ်တဝင့် ဖော်ပြထားသောဆောင်းပါး - Twelve Nidānas

Describes how suffering arises.

Transcendental Dependent Origination

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Describes the path out of suffering.

Karma (Kamma)

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Karma in Buddhism

  • Definition — volitional action, considered particularly as a moral force capable of producing, for the agent, results that correspond to the ethical quality of the action; thus good karma produces happiness, and bad karma produces suffering
  • Result of karma (vipāka)
  • Intention (cetanā)
  • Three doors of action (kammadvara)
  • Roots (mula)
    • Unwholesome
    • Wholesome
      • Nongreed (alobha) — renunciation, detachment, generosity
      • Nonhatred (adosa) — loving-kindness, sympathy, gentleness
      • Nondelusion (amoha) — wisdom
  • Courses of action (kammapatha)
    • Unwholesome
      • Bodily
        • Destroying life
        • Taking what is not given
        • Wrong conduct in regard to sense pleasures
      • Verbal
        • False speech
        • Slanderous speech
        • Harsh speech
        • Idle chatter
      • Mental
        • Covetousness
        • Ill will
        • Wrong view
    • Wholesome
      • Bodily
        • Abstaining from destroying life
        • Abstaining from taking what is not given
        • Abstaining from wrong conduct in regard to sense pleasures
      • Verbal
        • Abstaining from false speech
        • Abstaining from slanderous speech
        • Abstaining from harsh speech
        • Abstaining from idle chatter
      • Mental
        • Being free from covetousness
        • Being free from ill will
        • Holding right view
  • Function
    • Reproductive kamma (janaka kamma) — that which produces mental aggregates and material aggregates at the moment of conception
    • Supportive kamma (upatthambhaka kamma) — that which comes near the Reproductive Kamma and supports it
    • Obstructive kamma (upapiḍaka kamma) — that which tends to weaken, interrupt and retard the fruition of the Reproductive Kamma
    • Destructive kamma (upaghātaka kamma) — that which not only obstructs but also destroys the whole force of the Reproductive Kamma
  • Order to take effect
    • Weighty kamma (garuka kamma) — that which produces its results in this life or in the next for certain
    • Proximate kamma (āsanna kamma) — that which one does or remembers immediately before the dying moment
    • Habitual kamma (āciṇṇa kamma) — that which one habitually performs and recollects and for which one has a great liking
    • Reserve kamma (kaṭattā kamma) — refers to all actions that are done once and soon forgotten
  • Time of taking effect
    • Immediately effective kamma (diţţhadhammavedaniya kamma)
    • Subsequently, effective kamma (upapajjavedaniya kamma)
    • Indefinitely effective kamma (aṗarāpariyavedaniya kamma)
    • Defunct kamma (ahosi kamma)
  • Place of taking effect
    • Immoral (akusala) kamma pertaining to the sense-sphere (kamavacara)
    • Moral (kusala) kamma pertaining to the sense-sphere (kamavacara)
    • Moral kamma pertaining to the form-sphere (rupavacara)
    • Moral kamma pertaining to the formless-sphere (arupavacara)
  • Niyama Dhammas
    • Utu Niyama — Physical Inorganic Order (seasonal changes and climate), the natural law pertaining to physical objects and changes in the natural environment, such as the weather; the way flowers bloom in the day and fold up at night; the way soil, water and nutrients help a tree to grow; and the way things disintegrate and decompose. This perspective emphasizes the changes brought about by heat or temperature
    • Bīja Niyama — Physical Organic Order (laws of heredity), the natural law pertaining to heredity, which is best described in the adage, “as the seed, so the fruit”
    • Citta Niyama — Order of Mind and Psychic Law (will of mind), the natural law pertaining to the workings of the mind, the process of cognition of sense objects and the mental reactions to them
    • Kamma Niyama — Order of Acts and Results (consequences of one's actions), the natural law pertaining to human behavior, the process of the generation of action and its results. In essence, this is summarized in the words, “good deeds bring good results, bad deeds bring bad results”
    • Dhamma Niyama — Order of the Norm (nature's tendency to produce a perfect type), the natural law governing the relationship and interdependence of all things: the way all things arise, exist and then cease. All conditions are subject to change, are in a state of affliction and are not self: this is the Norm

Rebirth (Punabbhava • Punarbhava)

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
အကျယ်တဝင့် ဖော်ပြထားသောဆောင်းပါး - Rebirth (Buddhism)
  • Saṃsāra — Lit., the "wandering," the round of rebirths without discoverable beginning, sustained by ignorance and craving

Buddhist cosmology

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Buddhist cosmology

The bhavachakra, a symbolic depiction of the six realms.

အာယာတန

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Ayatana

Six Great Elements (Dhātu)

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Faculties (Indriya)

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Indriya

  • Six sensory faculties
    • Eye/vision faculty (cakkh-undriya)
    • Ear/hearing faculty (sot-indriya)
    • Nose/smell faculty (ghān-indriya)
    • Tongue/taste faculty (jivh-indriya)
    • Body/sensibility faculty (kāy-indriya)
    • Mind faculty (man-indriya)
  • Three physical faculties
  • Five feeling faculties
  • Five spiritual faculties
  • Three final-knowledge faculties
    • Thinking "I shall know the unknown" (anaññāta-ñassāmīt-indriya)
    • Gnosis (aññ-indriya)
    • One who knows (aññātā-vindriya)

Formations (Saṅkhāra • Saṃskāra)

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
အကျယ်တဝင့် ဖော်ပြထားသောဆောင်းပါး - Saṅkhāra

Mental Factors (Cetasika • Caitasika )

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
အကျယ်တဝင့် ဖော်ပြထားသောဆောင်းပါး - Mental factors (Buddhism)

Theravāda abhidhamma

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Mahayana abhidharma

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
  • Five universal mental factors (sarvatraga) common to all:
  1. Sparśa — contact, contacting awareness, sense impression, touch
  2. Vedanā — feeling, sensation
  3. Saṃjñā — perception
  4. Cetanā — volition
  5. Manasikara — attention
  • Five determining mental factors (viṣayaniyata):
  1. Chanda — desire (to act), intention, interest
  2. Adhimoksha — decision, interest, firm conviction
  3. Smṛti — mindfulness
  4. Prajñā — wisdom
  5. Samādhi — concentration
  • Eleven virtuous (kuśala) mental factors
  1. Sraddhā — faith
  2. Hrī — self-respect, conscientiousness, sense of shame
  3. Apatrāpya — decorum, regard for consequence
  4. Alobha — non-attachment
  5. Adveṣa — non-aggression, equanimity, lack of hatred
  6. Amoha — non-bewilderment
  7. Vīrya — diligence, effort
  8. Praśrabdhi — pliancy
  9. Apramāda — conscientiousness
  10. Upekṣa — equanimity
  11. Ahiṃsā — nonharmfulness
  • Six root mental defilements (mūlakleśa):
  1. Raga — attachment
  2. Pratigha — anger
  3. Avidya — ignorance
  4. Māna — pride, conceit
  5. Vicikitsa — doubt
  6. Dṛiṣṭi — wrong view
  • Twenty secondary defilement (upakleśa):
  1. Krodha — rage, fury
  2. Upanāha — resentment
  3. Mrakśa — concealment, slyness-concealment
  4. Pradāśa — spitefulness
  5. Irshya — envy, jealousy
  6. Mātsarya — stinginess, avarice, miserliness
  7. Māyā — pretense, deceit
  8. Śāṭhya — hypocrisy, dishonesty
  9. Mada — self-infatuation, mental inflation, self-satisfaction
  10. Vihiṃsā — malice, hostility, cruelty, intention to harm
  11. Āhrīkya — lack of shame, lack of conscious, shamelessness
  12. Anapatrāpya — lack of propriety, disregard, shamelessness
  13. Styāna — lethargy, gloominess
  14. Auddhatya — excitement, ebullience
  15. Āśraddhya — lack of faith, lack of trust
  16. Kausīdya — laziness, slothfulness
  17. Pramāda — heedlessness, carelessness, unconcern
  18. Muṣitasmṛtitā — forgetfulness
  19. Asaṃprajanya — non-alertness, inattentiveness
  20. Vikṣepa — distraction, desultoriness
  • Four changeable mental factors (aniyata):
  1. Kaukṛitya — regret, worry,
  2. Middha — sleep, drowsiness
  3. Vitarka — conception, selectiveness, examination
  4. Vicāra — discernment, discursiveness, analysis

Mind and Consciousness

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
  • Citta — Mind, mindset, or state of mind
  • Cetasika — Mental factors
  • Manas — Mind, general thinking faculty
  • Consciousness (viññāṇa)
  • Mindstream (citta-saṃtāna) — the moment-to-moment continuity of consciousness
  • Bhavanga — the most fundamental aspect of mind in Theravada
  • Luminous mind (pabhassara citta)
  • Consciousness-only (vijñapti-mātratā)
  • Eight Consciousnesses (aṣṭavijñāna)
    • Eye-consciousness — seeing apprehended by the visual sense organs
    • Ear-consciousness — hearing apprehended by the auditory sense organs
    • Nose-consciousness — smelling apprehended through the olfactory organs
    • Tongue-consciousness — tasting perceived through the gustatory organs
    • Ideation-consciousness — the aspect of mind known in Sanskrit as the "mind monkey"; the consciousness of ideation
    • Body-consciousness — tactile feeling apprehended through skin contact, touch
    • The manas consciousness — obscuration-consciousness — a consciousness which through apprehension, gathers the hindrances, the poisons, the karmic formations
    • Store-house consciousness (ālāyavijñāna) — the seed consciousness, the consciousness which is the basis of the other seven
  • Mental proliferation (papañca • prapañca) — the deluded conceptualization of the world through the use of ever-expanding language and concepts
  • Monkey mind — unsettled, restless mind

Obstacles to Enlightenment

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Two Kinds of Happiness (Sukha)

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
  • Bodily pleasure (kayasukha)
  • Mental happiness (cittasukha)

Two Kinds of Bhava

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Two Guardians of the World (Sukka lokapala)

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Three Conceits

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
  • "I am better"
  • "I am equal"
  • "I am worse"

Three Standpoints

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Three Primary Aims

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
  • Welfare and happiness directly visible in this present life, attained by fulfilling one's moral commitments and social responsibilities (diṭṭha-dhamma-hitasukha)
  • Welfare and happiness pertaining to the next life, attained by engaging in meritorious deeds (samparāyika-hitasukha)
  • The ultimate good or supreme goal, Nibbāna, final release from the cycle of rebirths, attained by developing the Noble Eightfold Path (paramattha)

Three Divisions of the Dharma

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Four Kinds of Nutriment

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Four Kinds of Acquisitions (Upadhi)

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Eight Worldly Conditions

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
The "Eight Worldly Winds" referenced in discussions of Equanimity (upekkhā, upekṣhā)

Truth (Sacca • Satya)

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
အကျယ်တဝင့် ဖော်ပြထားသောဆောင်းပါးများ - Sacca နှင့် Satya

Higher Knowledge (Abhiññā • Abhijñā)

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Abhijñā

  • Six types of higher knowledges (chalabhiñña)
    • Supernormal powers (iddhi)
      • Multiplying the body into many and into one again
      • Appearing and vanishing at will
      • Passing through solid objects as if space
      • Ability to rise and sink in the ground as if in water
      • Walking on water as if land
      • Flying through the skies
      • Touching anything at any distance (even the moon or sun)
      • Traveling to other worlds (like the world of Brahma) with or without the body
    • Divine ear (dibba-sota), that is, clairaudience
    • Mind-penetrating knowledge (ceto-pariya-ñāṇa), that is, telepathy
    • Remembering one's former abodes (pubbe-nivāsanussati), that is, recalling one's own past lives
    • Divine eye (dibba-cakkhu), that is, knowing others' karmic destinations
    • Extinction of mental intoxicants (āsavakkhaya), upon which arahantship follows
  • Three knowledges (tevijja)
    • Remembering one's former abodes (pubbe-nivāsanussati)
    • Divine eye (dibba-cakkhu)
    • Extinction of mental intoxicants (āsavakkhaya)

Great fruits of the contemplative life (Maha-Phala)

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Phala

  • Equanimity (upekkhā, upekṣhā)
  • Fearlessness (nibbhaya)
  • Freedom from unhappiness & suffering (asukhacaadukkha)
  • Meditative Absorption (samādhi)
  • Out-of-body experience (manomaya)
  • Clairaudience (dibba-sota)
  • Intuition and mental telepathy (ceto-pariya-ñána)
  • Recollection of past lives (patisandhi)
  • Clairvoyance (dibba-cakkhu)
  • The Ending of Mental Fermentations (samatha)

Concepts unique to Mahayana and Vajrayana

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
White A - Symbol Dzogchen

Other concepts

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Buddhist practices

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Buddhist devotion

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
Buddhists making offerings at Wat Phrathat Doi Suthep

Buddhist devotion

Moral discipline and precepts (Sīla • Śīla)

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
အကျယ်တဝင့် ဖော်ပြထားသောဆောင်းပါး - Śīla
  • Five Precepts (pañca-sīlāni • pañca-śīlāni)
  • Eight Precepts (aṭṭhasīla)
  • Ten Precepts (dasasīla)
    • Abstaining from killing living things
    • Abstaining from stealing
    • Abstaining from un-chastity (sensuality, sexuality, lust)
    • Abstaining from lying
    • Abstaining from taking intoxicants
    • Abstaining from taking food at inappropriate times (after noon)
    • Abstaining from singing, dancing, playing music or attending entertainment programs (performances)
    • Abstaining from wearing perfume, cosmetics and garland (decorative accessories)
    • Abstaining from sitting on high chairs and sleeping on luxurious, soft beds
    • Abstaining from accepting money
  • Sixteen Precepts
    • Three Treasures
      • Taking refuge in the Buddha
      • Taking refuge in the Dharma
      • Taking refuge in the Sangha
    • Three Pure Precepts
      • Not Creating Evil
      • Practicing Good
      • Actualizing Good For Others
    • Ten Grave Precepts
      • Affirm life; Do not kill
      • Be giving; Do not steal
      • Honor the body; Do not misuse sexuality
      • Manifest truth; Do not lie
      • Proceed clearly; Do not cloud the mind
      • See the perfection; Do not speak of others errors and faults
      • Realize self and other as one; Do not elevate the self and blame others
      • Give generously; Do not be withholding
      • Actualize harmony; Do not be angry
      • Experience the intimacy of things; Do not defile the Three Treasures
  • Vinaya
    • Pātimokkha (Pratimoksha) — the code of monastic rules binding on members of the Buddhist monastic order
      • Parajika (defeats) — four rules entailing expulsion from the sangha for life
        • Sexual intercourse, that is, any voluntary sexual interaction between a bhikkhu and a living being, except for mouth-to-mouth intercourse which falls under the sanghadisesa
        • Stealing, that is, the robbery of anything worth more than 1/24 troy ounce of gold (as determined by local law.)
        • Intentionally bringing about the death of a human being, even if it is still an embryo — whether by killing the person, arranging for an assassin to kill the person, inciting the person to die, or describing the advantages of death
        • Deliberately lying to another person that one has attained a superior human state, such as claiming to be an arahant when one knows one is not, or claiming to have attained one of the jhanas when one knows one hasn't
      • Sanghadisesa — thirteen rules requiring an initial and subsequent meeting of the sangha (communal meetings)
      • Aniyata — two indefinite rules where a monk is accused of having committed an offence with a woman in a screened (enclosed) or private place by a lay person
      • Nissaggiya pacittiya — thirty rules entailing "confession with forfeiture"
      • Pacittiya — ninety-two rules entailing confession
      • Patidesaniya — four violations which must be verbally acknowledged
      • Sekhiyavatta — seventy-five rules of training, which are mainly about the deportment of a monk
        • Sāruppa — proper behavior
        • Bhojanapatisamyutta — food
        • Dhammadesanāpatisamyutta — teaching dhamma
        • Pakinnaka — miscellaneous
      • Adhikarana-samatha — seven rules for settlement of legal processes that concern monks only
  • Bodhisattva vows
  • Samaya — a set of vows or precepts given to initiates of an esoteric Vajrayana Buddhist order
  • Ascetic practices (dhutanga) — a group of thirteen austerities, or ascetic practices, most commonly observed by Forest Monastics of the Theravada Tradition of Buddhism

Three Resolutions

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
  • To abstain from all evil (sabbapāpassa akaraṇaṃ)
  • To cultivate the good (kusalassa upasampadā)
  • To purify one's mind (sacittapariyodapanaṃ)

Three Pillars of Dharma

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Threefold Training (Sikkhā)

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Threefold Training

  • The training in the higher moral discipline (adhisīla-sikkhā) — morality (sīla • śīla)
  • The training in the higher mind (adhicitta-sikkhā) — concentration (samādhi)
  • The training in the higher wisdom (adhipaññā-sikkhā) — wisdom (paññā • prajñā)

Five Qualities

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Five Powers of a Trainee

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
  • Faith (saddhā • śraddhā)
  • Conscience (hiri) — an innate sense of shame over moral transgression
  • Fear of wrong-doing (ottappa) — moral dread, fear of the results of wrongdoing
  • Energy (viriya • vīrya)
  • Wisdom (paññā • prajñā)

Five Things that lead to Enlightenment

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Five Subjects for Contemplation

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Upajjhatthana Sutta

  • I am subject to ageing, I am not exempt from ageing
  • I am subject to illness, I am not exempt from illness
  • I am subject to death, I am not exempt from death
  • There will be change and separation from all that I hold dear and near to me
  • I am the owner of my actions, heir to my actions, I am born of my actions, I am related to my actions and I have my actions as refuge; whatever I do, good or evil, of that I will be the heir

Gradual training (Anupubbikathā)

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
အကျယ်တဝင့် ဖော်ပြထားသောဆောင်းပါးများ - Gradual training နှင့် Anupubbikathā

Seven Good Qualities (Satta saddhammā)

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Ten Meritorious Deeds (Dasa Punnakiriya vatthu)

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Perfections (Pāramī • Pāramitā)

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
အကျယ်တဝင့် ဖော်ပြထားသောဆောင်းပါး - Pāramitā

Ten Theravada Pāramīs (Dasa pāramiyo)

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Six Mahayana Pāramitās

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

States Pertaining to Enlightenment (Bodhipakkhiyādhammā • Bodhipakṣa dharma)

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
အကျယ်တဝင့် ဖော်ပြထားသောဆောင်းပါး - Bodhipakkhiyādhammā

Four Foundations of Mindfulness (Cattāro satipaṭṭhānā • Smṛtyupasthāna)

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Satipatthana

  • Mindfulness of the body (kāyagatāsati • kāyasmṛti)
    • Mindfulness of breathing (ānāpānasati • ānāpānasmṛti)
      • Mindfulness of the body (kāyanupassana) — first tetrad
        • Breathing a long breath
        • Breathing a short breath
        • Experiencing the whole (breath-) body (awareness of the beginning, middle, and end of the breath)
        • Tranquilizing the bodily formation
      • Mindfulness of feelings (vedanānupassana) — second tetrad
        • Experiencing rapture
        • Experiencing bliss
        • Experiencing the mental formation
        • Tranquilizing the mental formation
      • Mindfulness of the mind (cittanupassana) — third tetrad
        • Experiencing the mind
        • Gladdening the mind
        • Concentrating the mind
        • Liberating the mind
      • Mindfulness of Dhammas (dhammānupassana) — fourth tetrad
        • Contemplating impermanence (aniccānupassī)
        • Contemplating fading away (virāgānupassī)
        • Contemplating cessation (nirodhānupassī)
        • Contemplating relinquishment (paṭinissaggānupassī)
    • Postures
    • Clear comprehension (sampajañña • samprajaña)
      • Clear comprehension of the purpose of one's action (sātthaka)
      • Clear comprehension of the suitability of one's means to the achievement of one's purpose (sappāya)
      • Clear comprehension of the domain, that is, not abandoning the subject of meditation during one's daily routine (gocara)
      • Clear comprehension of reality, the awareness that behind one's activities there is no abiding self (asammoha)
    • Reflections on repulsiveness of the body, meditation on the thirty-two body parts (patikulamanasikara)
    • Reflections on the material elements (mahābhūta)
    • Cemetery contemplations (asubha)
      • Swollen or bloated corpse
      • Corpse brownish black or purplish blue with decay
      • Festering or suppurated corpse
      • Corpse splattered half or fissured from decay
      • Corpse gnawed by animals such as wild dogs and foxes
      • Corpse scattered in parts, hands, legs, head and body being dispersed
      • Corpse cut and thrown away in parts after killing
      • Bleeding corpse, i.e. with red blood oozing out
      • Corpse infested with and eaten by worms
      • Remains of a corpse in a heap of bones, i.e. skeleton
  • Mindfulness of feelings (vedanāsati • vedanāsmṛti)
    • Pleasant feeling
      • Worldly pleasant feeling
      • Spiritual pleasant feeling
    • Painful feeling
      • Worldly painful feeling
      • Spiritual painful feeling
    • Neither-pleasant-nor-painful (neutral) feeling
      • Worldly neutral feeling
      • Spiritual neutral feeling
  • Mindfulness of the mind (cittasati • cittasmṛti)
    • With lust (sarāgaṃ) or without lust (vītarāgaṃ)
    • With hate (sadosaṃ) or without hate (vītadosaṃ)
    • With delusion (samohaṃ) or without delusion (vītamohaṃ)
    • Contracted (saṅkhittaṃ) or scattered (vikkhittaṃ)
    • Lofty (mahaggataṃ) or not lofty (amahaggataṃ)
    • Surpassable (sa-uttaraṃ) or unsurpassed (anuttaraṃ)
    • Quieted (samāhitaṃ) or not quieted (asamāhitaṃ)
    • Released (vimuttaṃ) or not released (avimuttaṃ)
  • Mindfulness of mental phenomena (dhammāsati • dharmasmṛti)

Four Right Efforts (Cattārimāni sammappadhānāni • Samyak-pradhāna)

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Four Right Exertions

  • The effort to prevent the arising of unarisen unwholesome mental states (anuppādāya)
  • The effort to abandon arisen unwholesome mental states (pahānāya)
  • The effort to generate unarisen wholesome mental states (uppādāya)
  • The effort to maintain and perfect arisen wholesome mental states (ṭhitiyā)

Four Roads to Mental Power (Iddhipāda • Ṛddhipāda)

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Iddhipada

  • Concentration due to desire (chanda)
  • Concentration due to energy (viriya • vīrya)
  • Concentration due to mind (citta)
  • Concentration due to investigation (vīmaṃsā)

Five Spiritual Faculties (Pañca indriya)

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Indriya

Five Powers (Pañca bala)

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Five Strengths

  • Faith (saddhā • śraddhā) — controls doubt
  • Energy (viriya • vīrya) — controls laziness
  • Mindfulness (sati • smṛti) — controls heedlessness
  • Concentration (samādhi) — controls distraction
  • Wisdom (paññā • prajñā) — controls ignorance

Seven Factors of Enlightenment (Satta sambojjhaṅgā • Sapta bodhyanga)

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Seven Factors of Enlightenment

Neutral
[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
Arousing
[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
Calming
[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Noble Eightfold Path (Ariya aṭṭhaṅgika magga • Ārya 'ṣṭāṅga mārgaḥ)

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Noble Eightfold Path

Wisdom (Paññākkhandha)
[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
Dharmachakra, symbol of the Noble Eightfold Path, the Buddha's teaching of the path to enlightenment
Moral discipline (Sīlakkhandha)
[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
Concentration (Samādhikkhandha)
[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
Acquired factors
[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Buddhist meditation

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
အကျယ်တဝင့် ဖော်ပြထားသောဆောင်းပါးများ - Buddhist meditation နှင့် Bhavana

Theravada meditation practices

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
Tranquillity/Serenity/Calm (Samatha • Śamatha)
[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Samatha

A Buddhist monk meditating
  • Place of work (kammaṭṭhāna)
    • Ten Kasinas
      • Earth kasina (pathavikasinam)
      • Water kasina (apokasinam)
      • Fire kasina (tejokasinam)
      • Wind kasina (vayokasinam)
      • Brownish or deep purplish blue kasina (nilakasinam)
      • Yellow kasina (pitakasinam)
      • Red kasina (lohitakasinam)
      • White kasina (odatakasinam)
      • Light kasina (alokakasinam)
      • Open air-space, sky kasina (akasakasinam)
    • Ten reflections on repulsiveness (asubas)
      • A swollen or bloated corpse (uddhumatakam)
      • A corpse brownish black or purplish blue with decay (vinilakam)
      • A festering or suppurated corpse (vipubbakam)
      • A corpse splattered half or fissured from decay (vicchiddakam)
      • A corpse gnawed by animals such as wild dogs and foxes (vikkhayittakam)
      • A corpse scattered in parts, hands, legs, head and body being dispersed (vikkhitakam)
      • A corpse cut and thrown away in parts after killing (hatavikkhittakam)
      • A bleeding corpse, i.e. with red blood oozing out (lohitakam)
      • A corpse infested with and eaten by worms (puluvakam)
      • Remains of a corpse in a heap of bones, i.e. skeleton (atthikam)
    • Ten Recollections (anussati • anusmriti)
      • Buddhānussati (Buddhanusmrti) — Recollection of the Buddha — fixing the mind with attentiveness and reflecting repeatedly on the glorious virtues and attributes of Buddha
      • Dhammānussati (Dharmanusmrti) — Recollection of the Dhamma — reflecting with serious attentiveness repeatedly on the virtues and qualities of Buddha's teachings and his doctrine
      • Saṅghānussati (Sanghanusmrti) — Recollection of the Saṅgha — fixing the mind strongly and repeatedly upon the rare attributes and sanctity of the Sangha
      • Sīlānussati — Recollection of virtue — reflecting seriously and repeatedly on the purification of one's own morality or sīla
      • Cāgānussati — Recollection of generosity — reflecting repeatedly on the mind's purity in the noble act of one's own dāna, charitableness and liberality
      • Devatānussati — Recollection of deities — reflecting with serious and repeated attention on one's own complete possession of the qualities of absolute faith (saddhā), morality (sīla), learning (suta), liberality (cāga) and wisdom (paññā) just as the devas have, to enable one to be reborn in the world of devas
      • Maraṇānussati — Mindfulness of death — reflecting repeatedly on the inevitability of death
      • Kāyagatāsati — Mindfulness of the body — reflecting earnestly and repeatedly on the impurity of the body which is composed of the detestable 32 constituents such as hair, body hair, nails, teeth, skin, etc.
      • Ānāpānasati — Mindfulness of breathing — repeated reflection on the inhaled and exhaled breath
      • Upasamānussati — Recollection of peace — reflecting repeatedly with serious attentiveness on the supreme spiritual blissful state of Nirvana
    • Four Divine Abidings (brahmavihāra)
    • Four formless jhānas (arūpajhāna)
    • Perception of disgust of food (aharepatikulasanna)
    • Four Great Elements (mahābhūta)
Concentration (Samādhi)
[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
အကျယ်တဝင့် ဖော်ပြထားသောဆောင်းပါး - Samadhi (Buddhism)
Insight meditation (Vipassanā • Vipaśyanā)
[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
အကျယ်တဝင့် ဖော်ပြထားသောဆောင်းပါး - Vipassanā
  • Insight knowledge (vipassanā-ñāṇa)
    • Vipassana jhanas
    • Eighteen kinds of insight
      • Contemplation on impermanence (aniccanupassana) overcomes the wrong idea of permanence
      • Contemplation on unsatisfactoriness (dukkhanupassana) overcomes the wrong idea of real happiness
      • Contemplation on non-self (anattanupassana) overcomes the wrong idea of self
      • Contemplation on disenchantment (revulsion) (nibbidanupassana) overcomes affection
      • Contemplation on dispassion (fading away) (viraganupassana) overcomes greed
      • Contemplation on cessation (nirodhanupassana) overcomes the arising
      • Contemplation on giving up (patinissagganupassana) overcomes attachment
      • Contemplation on dissolution (khayanupassana) overcomes the wrong idea of something compact
      • Contemplation on disappearance (vayanupassana) overcomes kamma-accumulation
      • Contemplation on changeableness (viparinamanupassana) overcomes the wrong idea of something immutable
      • Contemplation on the signless (animittanupassana) overcomes the conditions of rebirth
      • Contemplation on the desireless (appanihitanupassana) overcomes longing
      • Contemplation on emptiness (suññatanupassana) overcomes clinging
      • Higher wisdom and insight (adhipaññadhamma vipassana) overcomes the wrong idea of something substantial
      • True eye of knowledge (yathabhuta ñanadassana) overcomes clinging to delusion
      • Contemplation on misery (adinavanupassana) overcomes clinging to desire
      • Reflecting contemplation (patisankhanupassana) overcomes thoughtlessness
      • Contemplation on the standstill of existence (vivattanupassana) overcomes being entangled in fetters
    • Sixteen Stages of Vipassanā Knowledge
      • Knowledge to distinguish mental and physical states (namarupa pariccheda ñāṇa)
      • Knowledge of the cause-and-effect relationship between mental and physical states (paccaya pariggaha ñāṇa)
      • Knowledge of mental and physical processes as impermanent, unsatisfactory and nonself (sammasana ñāṇa)
      • Knowledge of arising and passing away (udayabbaya ñāṇa)
      • Knowledge of the dissolution of formations (bhanga ñāṇa)
      • Knowledge of the fearful nature of mental and physical states (bhaya ñāṇa)
      • Knowledge of mental and physical states as unsatisfactory (adinava ñāṇa)
      • Knowledge of disenchantment (nibbida ñāṇa)
      • Knowledge of the desire to abandon the worldly state (muncitukamayata ñāṇa)
      • Knowledge which investigates the path to deliverance and instills a decision to practice further (patisankha ñāṇa)
      • Knowledge which regards mental and physical states with equanimity (sankharupekha ñāṇa)
      • Knowledge which conforms to the Four Noble Truths (anuloma ñāṇa)
      • Knowledge of deliverance from the worldly condition (gotrabhu ñāṇa)
      • Knowledge by which defilements are abandoned and are overcome by destruction (magga ñāṇa)
      • Knowledge which realizes the fruit of the path and has nibbana as object (phala ñāṇa)
      • Knowledge which reviews the defilements still remaining (paccavekkhana ñāṇa)

Zen meditation practices

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
  • Zazen
    • Concentration
    • Kōan — a story, dialogue, question, or statement in Zen, containing aspects that are inaccessible to rational understanding, yet may be accessible to intuition
    • Shikantaza — just sitting

Vajrayana meditation practices

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Other practices

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Attainment of Enlightenment

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Enlightenment in Buddhism

General

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
  • Nirvana (Nibbāna • Nirvāṇa) — the final goal of the Buddha's teaching; the unconditioned state beyond the round of rebirths, to be attained by the destruction of the defilements; Full Enlightenment or Awakening, the cessation of suffering; saupādisesa-nibbāna-dhātu — Nibbāna with residue remaining
    • Parinirvana (Parinibbāna • Parinirvāṇa) — final passing away of an enlightened person, final Nibbāna, Nibbāna at death; anupādisesa-nibbāna-dhātu — Nibbāna without residue remaining
  • Bodhi — the awakening attained by the Buddha and his accomplished disciples, referring to insight into the Four Noble Truths and the Noble Eightfold Path
  • Types of Buddha
    • Sammāsambuddha (Samyak-saṃbuddha) — one who, by his own efforts, attains Nirvana, having rediscovered the Noble Eightfold Path after it has been lost to humanity, and makes this Path known to others
    • Paccekabuddha (Pratyekabuddha) — "a lone Buddha", a self-awakened Buddha, but one who lacks the ability to spread the Dhamma to others
    • Sāvakabuddha (Śrāvakabuddha) — enlightened 'disciple of a Buddha'. Usual being named Arhat

Theravada

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
  • Four stages of enlightenment (see also: Ariya-puggala — Noble Ones)
    • Sotāpanna — Stream-enterer (first stage of enlightenment) — one who has "opened the eye of the Dhamma", and is guaranteed enlightenment after no more than seven successive rebirths, having eradicated the first three fetters
      • The four factors leading to stream-entry
        • Association with superior persons
        • Hearing the true Dhamma
        • Careful attention
        • Practice in accordance with the Dhamma
      • The four factors of a stream-enterer
        • Possessing confirmed confidence in the Buddha
        • Possessing confirmed confidence in the Dhamma
        • Possessing confirmed confidence in the Sangha
        • Possessing moral virtues dear to the noble ones
    • Sakadagami — Once-returner (second stage of enlightenment) — will be reborn into the human world once more, before attaining enlightenment, having eradicated the first three fetters and attenuated greed, hatred, and delusion
    • Anāgāmi — Non-returner (third stage of enlightenment) — does not come back into human existence, or any lower world, after death, but is reborn in the "Pure Abodes", where he will attain Nirvāṇa, having eradicated the first five fetters
    • Arahant — "Worthy One", (see also: Arhat), a fully enlightened human being who has abandoned all ten fetters, and who upon decease (Parinibbāna) will not be reborn in any world, having wholly abandoned saṃsāra

Mahayana

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
  • Bodhisattva — one who has generated bodhicitta, the spontaneous wish to attain Buddhahood

Zen

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
  • Satori — a Japanese Buddhist term for "enlightenment", which translates as a flash of sudden awareness, or individual enlightenment
  • Kensho — "Seeing one's nature"

Buddhist monasticism and laity

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
Buddhist monks on daily alms round.

Buddhist monasticism

  • Disciple 声闻弟子ShengWenDiZi (sāvaka • śrāvaka)
  • Male lay follower (忧婆塞 YouPoSai) (upāsaka) and Female lay follower (忧婆夷 YouPoYi) (upāsikā)
    • Householder 在家弟子ZaiJiaDiZi
    • Dhammacārī — lay devotees who have seriously committed themselves to Buddhist practice for several years
    • Anāgārika — lay attendant of a monk
    • 近侍Jisha (Japan), JinShi (chinese) — personal attendant of a monastery's abbot or teacher in Chan/Zen Buddhism
    • Ngagpa — non-monastic male practitioners of such disciplines as Vajrayana, shamanism, Tibetan medicine, Tantra and Dzogchen
    • Thilashin — Burmese Buddhist female lay renunciant
    • Mae ji — Buddhist laywomen in Thailand occupying a position somewhere between that of an ordinary lay follower and an ordained monk
  • Lower ordination (pabbajja • pravrajya)
  • Higher ordination (upasampadā)
    • Monk (bhikkhu • bhikṣu)
    • Nun (bhikkhunī • bhikṣuṇī)
  • Titles for Buddhist teachers
    • General
    • in Theravada
      • in Southeast Asia
        • Ayya — commonly used as a veneration in addressing or referring to an ordained Buddhist nun
      • in Thailand
        • Ajahn — Thai term which translates as teacher
        • Luang Por — means "venerable father" and is used as a title for respected senior Buddhist monastics
      • in Burma
        • Sayādaw — a Burmese senior monk of a monastery
      • in China
        • 和尚，Heshang — high-ranking or highly virtuous Buddhist monk; respectful designation for Buddhist monks in general
        • 僧侣，SengLv — Monk
        • 住持，ZhuChi — Abbot
        • 禅师，ChanShi — Chan/Zen Master
        • 法师，FaShi — Dharma Master
        • 律师，LvShi — Vinaya Master, teacher who focuses on the discipline and precepts
        • 开山祖师，KaiShanZuShi — founder of a school of Buddhism or the founding abbot of a Zen monastery
        • 比丘，BiQiu — transliteration of Bhikkhu
        • 比丘尼，BiQiuNi — transliteration of Bhikkhuni
        • 沙弥，ShaMi — transliteration of Samanera
        • 沙弥尼，ShaMiNi — transliteration of Samaneri
        • 尼姑，NiGu — Nun
        • 论师，LunShi — Abhidharma Master, one who is well versed in the psychology, thesis and higher teachings of Buddhism
        • 师兄，ShiXiong — dharma brothers, used by laity to address each other, note that all male or female lay disciples are called 'Dharma Brothers'
    • in Japan
      • Ajari — a Japanese term that is used in various schools of Buddhism in Japan, specifically Tendai and Shingon, in reference to a "senior monk who teaches students
      • 和尚 Oshō — high-ranking or highly virtuous Buddhist monk; respectful designation for Buddhist monks in general
    • in Zen
      • in Japan
        • 开山 Kaisan — founder of a school of Buddhism or the founding abbot of a Zen monastery
        • 老师 Roshi — a Japanese honorific title used in Zen Buddhism that literally means "old teacher" or "elder master" and usually denotes the person who gives spiritual guidance to a Zen sangha
        • 先生 Sensei — ordained teacher below the rank of roshi
        • Zen master — individual who teaches Zen Buddhism to others
      • in Korea
        • Sunim — Korean title for a Buddhist monk or Buddhist nun
    • in Tibetan Buddhism
      • Geshe — Tibetan Buddhist academic degree for monks
      • Guru
      • Khenpo — academic degree similar to that of a doctorate or Geshe. Khenpos often are made abbots of centers and monasteries
      • Khenchen — academic degree similar in depth to post doctorate work. Senior most scholars often manage many Khenpos
      • Lama — Tibetan teacher of the Dharma
      • Rinpoche — an honorific which literally means "precious one"
      • Tulku — an enlightened Tibetan Buddhist lama who has, through phowa and siddhi, consciously determined to take birth, often many times, in order to continue his or her Bodhisattva vow

Major figures of Buddhism

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

List of Buddhists

Founder

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
  • Gautama Buddha — The Buddha, Siddhattha Gotama (Pali), Siddhārtha Gautama (Sanskrit), Śākyamuni (Sage of the Sakya clan), The Awakened One, The Enlightened One, The Blessed One, Tathāgata (Thus Come One, Thus Gone One)

Buddha's disciples and early Buddhists

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Chief Disciples

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
  • Sāriputta — Chief disciple, "General of the Dhamma", foremost in wisdom
  • Mahamoggallāna — Second chief disciple, foremost in psychic powers

Great Disciples

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
Monks
[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
Nuns
[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Laymen

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Laywomen

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

First five disciples of the Buddha

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Two seven-year-old Arahants

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Other disciples

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Later Indian Buddhists (after Buddha)

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Indo-Greek Buddhists

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Chinese Buddhists

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Tibetan Buddhists

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
The 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, a renowned Tibetan lama.

Japanese Buddhists

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Vietnamese Buddhists

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

မြန်မာဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာဝင်များ

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

ထိုင်းဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာဝင်များ

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

သီရိလင်္ကာဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာဝင်များ

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

အမေရိကန်ဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာဝင်များ

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

ဘရာဇီးဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာဝင်များ

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

ဗြိတိသျှဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာဝင်များ

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

ဂျာမန်ဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာဝင်များ

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

အိုင်ယာလန်

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

အိန္ဒိယဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာဝင်များ

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Buddhist philosophy

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Buddhist philosophy

Golden statue of Nagarjuna at Samye Ling Monastery.

Buddhist culture

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
အကျယ်တဝင့် ဖော်ပြထားသောဆောင်းပါးများ - Buddhist culture and art နှင့် Cultural elements of Buddhism
Vesak celebration in Singapore.
Imitation currency burned for ancestors, during the Ghost Festival
Mala, Buddhist prayer beads.

Buddhist pilgrimage

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Buddhist pilgrimage

Mahabodhi Temple in India, a common site of pilgrimage.

Comparative Buddhism

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
From a 12th-century Greek manuscript: Saint Josaphat preaches the Gospel.
[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
အကျယ်တဝင့် ဖော်ပြထားသောဆောင်းပါး - Index of Buddhism-related articles

Lists

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

See also

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Charts

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

Notes

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]


ကိုးကား

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
  1. ↑ Gethin, Rupert. The Foundations of Buddhism, p1. Oxford University Press, 1998.
  2. ↑ The World Factbook: Sri Lanka။ CIA World Factbook။ 24 December 2018 တွင် မူရင်းအား မော်ကွန်းတင်ပြီး။ 2006-08-12 တွင် ပြန်စစ်ပြီး။.
  3. ↑ Keown, Damien (2003), A Dictionary of Buddhism: p. 38
  4. ↑ "The Mahayana, 'Great Vehicle' or 'Great Carriage' (for carrying all beings to nirvana), is also, and perhaps more correctly and accurately, known as the Bodhisattvayana, the bodhisattva's vehicle." - Warder, A.K. (3rd edn. 1999). Indian Buddhism: p.338
"https://my.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာအကြောင်းအကျဉ်းချုပ်&oldid=771096" မှ ရယူရန်