ငြိမ်းချမ်းရေး နိုဘဲလ်ဆုရှင်များ

နော်ဝေ နိုဘဲလ်အဖွဲ့အစည်းသည် နိုဘဲလ်ဆုရှင်များအား ရွေးချယ်ရေးနှင့် အော်စလိုမြို့တွင် နှစ်စဉ် နိုဘဲလ်ဆုပေးပွဲ အခမ်းအနားကျင်းပရေးတွင် နိုဘဲလ်ဆု ကော်မတီအား အကူအညီပေးသည်။

နိုဘဲလ်ဆု ၅ ဆုအတွင်း ၁ ဆု အပါအဝင်ဖြစ်သည့် နိုဘဲလ် ငြိမ်းချမ်းရေးဆုကို နော်ဝေးနိုင်ငံ နိုဘဲလ်ဆု ကော်မတီအဖွဲ့မှ ‘ကမ္ဘာကြီးအတွက် ငြိမ်းချမ်းရေး ဆောင်ကြဉ်းပေးသူ၊ လက်နက်ကိုင် အဖွဲ့အစည်းများ လျော့နည်းရေး သို့မဟုတ် ပပျောက်ရေးအတွက် အကောင်းဆုံး ဆောင်ရွက်ပေးနိုင်သူ’ အား ချီးမြှင့်ပေးသည်။အခြား နိုဘဲလ်ဆုများမှာ ဓာတုဗေဒ၊ ရူပဗေဒ၊ ဆေးပညာနှင့် စာပေတို့ ဖြစ်ကြသည်။

ဒေါ်အောင်ဆန်းစုကြည် အပါအဝင် ငြိမ်းချမ်းရေး နိုဘဲလ်ဆု ရရှိသူ အမျိုးသမီး ၁၂ ဦးရှိပြီဖြစ်ပြီး အခြား နိုဘဲလ်ဆုများထက် အမျိုးသမီးဦးရေပိုများသည်။ ၂၀၁၀ ခုနှစ်အထိ ငြိမ်းချမ်းရေး နိုဘဲလ်ဆုကို လူပုဂ္ဂိုလ် ၉၈ ဦးနှင့် အဖွဲ့အစည်း ၂၀ ကို ချီးမြှင့်ခဲ့ပြီးဖြစ်သည်။ ကြားကာလအတွင်း နိုဘဲလ်ဆုမပေးသည်မှာလည်း ၁၉ ကြိမ်ရှိခဲ့ဖူးသည်။

ဆုရှင်များ

ခုနှစ်	ဆုရှင်		နိုင်ငံ	အကြောင်းရင်း
၁၉၀၁		ဟန်နရီဒူးနန့်	ဆွစ်ဇာလန်	"အပြည်ပြည်ဆိုင်ရာ ကြက်ခြေနီ ကော်မတီ ကို တည်ထောင်သည့် အတွက်"
		ဖရက်ဒရစ် ပါ့ဆူ	ပြင်သစ်	"[for] being one of the main founders of the Inter-Parliamentary Union and also the main organizer of the first Universal Peace Congress."
၁၉၀၂		အီလီယဲ ဒူကွမ်မွန်	ဆွစ်ဇာလန်	"Honorary Secretary, Permanent International Peace Bureau"
		ချားလ်စ် အဲလ်ဘတ် ဂိုဘတ်	ဆွစ်ဇာလန်	"Secretary General, Inter-Parliamentary Union; Honorary Secretary, Permanent International Peace Bureau"
၁၉၀၃		ဝီလီယံ ရန်ဒဲလ် ခရီမာ	ယူနိုက်တက်ကင်းဒမ်း	"Member, British Parliament; Secretary, International Arbitration League"
၁၉၀၄		အပြည်ပြည်ဆိုင်ရာ ဒရိုက် အင်စတီတျူ့	ဘယ်လ်ဂျီယမ်	"for its efforts as an unofficial body to formulate the general principles of the science of international law."
1905		Bertha von Suttner	ဩစတြီးယား-Hungary	"Honorary President of Permanent International Peace Bureau; Author of Lay Down Your Arms"
၁၉၀၆		သီအိုဒို ရုစဗဲ့	အမေရိကန်	"for his successful mediation to end the Russo-Japanese war and for his interest in arbitration, having provided the Hague arbitration court with its very first case"
1907		Ernesto Teodoro Moneta	အီတလီ	"President, Lombard League of Peace," was "prominent as a worker for peace in အီတလီနိုင်ငံ."
		Louis Renault	ပြင်သစ်	"Professor International Law," was "the permanent delegate of France to The Hague Tribunal."
1908		Klas Pontus Arnoldson	ဆွီဒင်	"Founder of Swedish Peace and Arbitration League"
		Fredrik Bajer	ဒိန်းမတ်	"[for his]work in the Inter-Parliamentary Union with being the first president of the International Peace Bureau"
1909		Auguste Marie François Beernaert	ဘယ်လ်ဂျီယမ်	"Former Prime Minister; Member, Belgian Parliament; Member of Cour Internationale d'Arbitrage"
		Paul-Henri-Benjamin d'Estournelles de Constant	ပြင်သစ်	"Member, French Parliament (Sénateur); Founder and President of French parliamentary group for voluntary arbitration; Founder, Committee for the Defense of National Interests and International Conciliation"
1910		International Peace Bureau	ဆွစ်ဇာလန်	"Founded in 1891"
1911		Tobias Michael Carel Asser	နယ်သာလန်	"Initiator of the Conferences on International Private Law at the Hague; Cabinet Minister; Lawyer"
		Alfred Hermann Fried	ဩစတြီးယား	"Journalist; Founder of Die Friedenswarte"
1912		Elihu Root	အမေရိကန်	"Former Secretary of State; Originator of various treaties of arbitration"
1913		Henri La Fontaine	ဘယ်လ်ဂျီယမ်	"Member, Belgian Parliament (Sénateur); President, Permanent International Peace Bureau"
1914	Not awarded
1915
1916
1917		အပြည်ပြည်ဆိုင်ရာ ကြက်ခြေနီ ကော်မတီ	ဆွစ်ဇာလန်
1918	Not awarded
1919		ဝုဒ်ရိုး ဝီလ်ဆင်	အမေရိကန်	"အမေရိကန် သမ္မတ၊ နိုင်ငံပေါင်းချုပ် အသင်းကြီးကို ထူထောင်သူ"
1920		Léon Victor Auguste Bourgeois	ပြင်သစ်	"Former Secretary of State; President, French Parliament (Sénat); President, Council of the League of Nations"
1921		Hjalmar Branting	ဆွီဒင်	"Prime Minister; Swedish Delegate, Council of the League of Nations"
		Christian Lous Lange	နော်ဝေ	"Secretary General of the Inter-Parliamentary Union"
1922		Fridtjof Nansen	နော်ဝေ	"Scientist; Explorer; Norwegian Delegate, League of Nations; Originator of "Nansen passports""
1923	Not awarded
1924
1925		Austen Chamberlain	ယူနိုက်တက်ကင်းဒမ်း	"Foreign Secretary; Part-originator of Locarno Pact"
		Charles Gates Dawes	အမေရိကန်	"Vice President of the United States of America; Chairman of Allied Reparation Commission (Originator of "Dawes Plan")"
1926		Aristide Briand	ပြင်သစ်	"Foreign Minister; Part-originator of Locarno Pact and Briand-Kellogg Pact"
		Gustav Stresemann	ဂျာမနီ	"Former Lord High Chancellor (Reichs-kanzler)[sic]; Foreign Minister; Part-originator of Locarno Pact"
1927		Ferdinand Buisson	ပြင်သစ်	"Formerly Professor, Sorbonne University, Paris; Founder and President, Human Rights League in France"
		Ludwig Quidde	ဂျာမနီ	"Professor, Berlin University; Member, German Parliament; Participant of various peace conferences"
1928	Not awarded
1929		Frank B. Kellogg	အမေရိကန်	"Former Secretary of State; Part-originator of Briand-Kellogg Pact"
1930		Lars Olof Jonathan (Nathan) Söderblom	ဆွီဒင်	"Archbishop; Leader in the ecumenical movement"
1931		Jane Addams	အမေရိကန်	"Sociologist; International President, Women's International League for Peace and Freedom"
		Nicholas Murray Butler	အမေရိကန်	"President, Columbia University; Promoter of Briand Kellogg Pact"
1932	Not awarded
1933		Sir Norman Angell (Ralph Lane)	ယူနိုက်တက်ကင်းဒမ်း	"Writer; Member, Executive Committee of the League of Nations and of National Peace Council"
1934		Arthur Henderson	ယူနိုက်တက်ကင်းဒမ်း	"Former Foreign Secretary; President, Disarmament Conference in 1932"
1935		Carl von Ossietzky	ဂျာမနီ	"Journalist (die Weltbühne); Pacifist"
1936		Carlos Saavedra Lamas	အာဂျင်တီးနား	"Secretary of State; President, League of Nations; Mediator in a conflict between Paraguay and Bolivia"
1937		The Viscount Cecil of Chelwood	ယူနိုက်တက်ကင်းဒမ်း	"Writer, Former Lord Privy Seal; Founder and President, International Peace Campaign"
1938		Nansen International Office For Refugees	ဆွစ်ဇာလန်	"An international relief organization, started by Fridtjof Nansen in 1921"
1939	Not awarded
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944		အပြည်ပြည်ဆိုင်ရာ ကြက်ခြေနီ ကော်မတီ	ဆွစ်ဇာလန်
1945		Cordell Hull	အမေရိကန်	"Former Secretary of State; Prominent participant in the originating of the [[ ကုလသမဂ္ဂ]]"
1946		Emily Greene Balch	အမေရိကန်	"Formerly Professor of History and Sociology; Honorary International President, Women's International League for Peace and Freedom"
		John Raleigh Mott	အမေရိကန်	"Chairman, International Missionary Council; President, World Alliance of Young Men's Christian Associations"
1947		Friends Service Council	ယူနိုက်တက်ကင်းဒမ်း
		American Friends Service Committee	အမေရိကန်
1948	Not awarded
1949		The Lord Boyd-Orr	ယူနိုက်တက်ကင်းဒမ်း	"Physician; Alimentary Politician; Prominent organizer and Director, General Food and Agricultural Organization; President, National Peace Council and World Union of Peace Organizations"
1950		Ralph Bunche	အမေရိကန်	"Professor, Harvard University Cambridge, MA; Director, division of Trusteeship, U.N.; Acting Mediator in Palestine, 1948"
1951		Léon Jouhaux	ပြင်သစ်	"President of the International Committee of the European Council, vice president of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, vice president of the World Federation of Trade Unions, member of the ILO Council, delegate to the  ကုလသမဂ္ဂ"
1952		အဲလဘတ် ရွိုက်ဇာ	ပြင်သစ်	"Missionary surgeon; Founder of Lambaréné (République de Gabon)"
1953		George Catlett Marshall	အမေရိကန်	"General President American Red Cross; Former Secretary of State and of Defense; Delegate U.N.; Originator of "Marshall Plan""
1954		[[ ကုလသမဂ္ဂ High Commissioner for Refugees]]	ဆွစ်ဇာလန်	"An international relief organization founded by the U.N. in 1951"
1955	Not awarded
1956
1957		Lester Bowles Pearson	ကနေဒါ	"former Secretary of State for External Affairs of Canada; former President of the 7th Session of the  ကုလသမဂ္ဂ General Assembly"; "for his role in trying to end the Suez conflict and to solve the Middle East question through the  ကုလသမဂ္ဂ."
1958		Georges Pire	ဘယ်လ်ဂျီယမ်	"Father of the Dominican Order; Leader of the relief organization for refugees "L'Europe du Coeur au Service du Monde""
1959		Philip J. Noel-Baker	ယူနိုက်တက်ကင်းဒမ်း	"Member of Parliament; lifelong ardent worker for international peace and co-operation"
1960		Albert Lutuli	တောင်အာဖရိက	"President of the African National Congress," "was in the very forefront of the struggle against apartheid in South Africa."
1961		Dag Hjalmar Agne Carl Hammarskjöld	ဆွီဒင်	"Secretary General of the U.N.," awarded "for strengthening the organization."
1962		Linus Carl Pauling	အမေရိကန်	"for his campaign against nuclear weapons testing"
1963		အပြည်ပြည်ဆိုင်ရာ ကြက်ခြေနီ ကော်မတီ	ဆွစ်ဇာလန်
		League of Red Cross societies	ဆွစ်ဇာလန်
1964		မာတင်လူသာကင်း ဂျူနီယာ	အမေရိကန်	"campaigner for civil rights"
1965		ယူနီဆက်ဖ်	ကုလသမဂ္ဂ	"An international aid organization."
1966	Not awarded
1967
1968		René Cassin	ပြင်သစ်	"President of the European Court for Human Rights"
1969		အပြည်ပြည်ဆိုင်ရာ အလုပ်သမားအဖွဲ့	ကုလသမဂ္ဂ
1970		Norman E. Borlaug	အမေရိကန်	"International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center;" "for his contributions to the "green revolution" that was having such an impact on food production particularly in Asia and in Latin America."
1971		Willy Brandt	ဂျာမနီ	"Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany; for West Germany's Ostpolitik"
1972	Not awarded
1973		ဟင်နရီ ကစ်ဆင်းဂျား	အမေရိကန်	"For the 1973 Paris agreement intended to bring about a cease-fire in the Vietnam war and a withdrawal of the American forces"
		Lê Ðức Thọ (refused)	Democratic Republic of Vietnam
1974	60px	Seán MacBride	Ireland	"President of the International Peace Bureau; President of the Commission of Namibia." "For his strong interest in human rights: piloting the European Convention on Human Rights through the Council of Europe, helping found and then lead Amnesty International and serving as secretary-general of the International Commission of Jurists"
		Eisaku Sato	ဂျပန်	"Prime Minister of Japan," "for his renunciation of the nuclear option for Japan and his efforts to further regional reconciliation"
1975		Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov	Soviet Union	"[for his] struggle for human rights, for disarmament, and for cooperation between all nations"
1976		Betty Williams	ယူနိုက်တက်ကင်းဒမ်း	"Founder[s] of the Northern Ireland Peace Movement (later renamed Community of Peace People)"
		Mairead Corrigan	ယူနိုက်တက်ကင်းဒမ်း
1977		Amnesty International	ယူနိုက်တက်ကင်းဒမ်း	"[for] protecting the human rights of prisoners of conscience"
1978		Mohamed Anwar Al-Sadat	အီဂျစ်	"for the Camp David Agreement, which brought about a negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel"
		Menachem Begin	အစ္စရေး
1979		မာသာ ထရီဆာ	အိန္ဒိယ	"Leader of Missionaries of Charity"
1980	60px	Adolfo Pérez Esquivel	အာဂျင်တီးနား	"Human rights leader;" "founded non-violent human rights organizations to fight the military junta that was ruling his country (Argentina)."
1981		[[ ကုလသမဂ္ဂ High Commissioner for Refugees]]	ကုလသမဂ္ဂ	"An international relief organization founded by the U.N. in 1951"
1982		Alva Myrdal	ဆွီဒင်	"[for] their magnificent work in the disarmament negotiations of the  ကုလသမဂ္ဂ, where they have both played crucial roles and won international recognition"
		Alfonso García Robles	မက္ကဆီကို
1983		Lech Wałęsa	ပိုလန်	"Founder of Solidarność; campaigner for human rights"
1984		Desmond Mpilo Tutu	တောင်အာဖရိက	"Bishop of Johannesburg; former Secretary General, South African Council of Churches"
1985		International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War	အမေရိကန်	For "authoritative information and by creating an awareness of the catastrophic consequences of atomic warfare. The committee believes that this in turn contributes to an increase in the pressure of public opposition to the proliferation of atomic weapons and to a redefining of priorities, with greater attention being paid to health and other humanitarian issues."
1986		Elie Wiesel	အမေရိကန်	"Chairman of "The President's Commission on the Holocaust""
1987		Óscar Arias Sánchez	ကော့စတာရီကာ	"for his work for peace in Central America, efforts which led to the accord signed in Guatemala on August 7 this year"
1988		[[Peacekeeping| ကုလသမဂ္ဂ Peace-Keeping Forces]]	ကုလသမဂ္ဂ	"[for] their efforts [that] have made important contributions towards the realization of one of the fundamental tenets of the  ကုလသမဂ္ဂ"
1989		Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama	Tibet	"In his struggle for the liberation of Tibet [he] consistently has opposed the use of violence. He has instead advocated peaceful solutions based upon tolerance and mutual respect in order to preserve the historical and cultural heritage of his people."
1990		မစ်ဟေး ဂေါ်ဗာချော့ဗ်	Soviet Union	President of the Soviet Union, "for his leading role in the peace process which today characterizes important parts of the international community"
1991		ဒေါ်အောင်ဆန်းစုကြည်	မြန်မာ	"for her non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights"
1992		Rigoberta Menchú Tum	ဂွါတီမာလာ	"[for] her work for social justice and ethno-cultural reconciliation based on respect for the rights of indigenous peoples"
1993		နယ်လ်ဆင် မန်ဒဲလား	တောင်အာဖရိက	"for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime, and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa"
		Frederik Willem de Klerk	တောင်အာဖရိက
1994		ယာဆာ အာရာဖတ်	Palestine	"to honour a political act which called for great courage on both sides, and which has opened up opportunities for a new development towards fraternity in the Middle East."
		ရစ်ဇက် ရာဘင်	အစ္စရေး
		ရှီမွန် ပဲရက်စ်	အစ္စရေး
1995		Joseph Rotblat	ယူနိုက်တက်ကင်းဒမ်း	"for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and, in the longer run, to eliminate such arms"
		Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs	ကနေဒါ
1996		Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo	အရှေ့တီမော	"for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor."
		José Ramos-Horta	အရှေ့တီမော
1997		International Campaign to Ban Landmines	အမေရိကန်	"for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines"
		Jody Williams	အမေရိကန်
1998		John Hume	ယူနိုက်တက်ကင်းဒမ်း	"for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland"
		David Trimble	ယူနိုက်တက်ကင်းဒမ်း
1999	60px	Médecins Sans Frontières	ဆွစ်ဇာလန်	"in recognition of the organization's pioneering humanitarian work on several continents"
2000		Kim Dae Jung	တောင်ကိုရီးယား	"for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general, and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular"
2001	[[File:Small Flag of the  ကုလသမဂ္ဂ ZP.svg|60px]]	ကုလသမဂ္ဂ		"for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world"
		ကိုဖီအန်နန်	ဂါနာ
2002		ဂျင်မီ ကာတာ	အမေရိကန်	"for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development"
2003		Shirin Ebadi	အီရန်	"for her efforts for democracy and human rights. She has focused especially on the struggle for the rights of women and children."
2004		Wangari Muta Maathai	ကင်ညာ	"for her contribution to sustainable development, democracy and peace"
2005		International Atomic Energy Agency	ဩစတြီးယား	"for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way"
		Mohamed ElBaradei	အီဂျစ်
2006		မိုဟာမက် ယူနွတ်စ်	ဘင်္ဂလားဒေ့ရှ်	"for advancing economic and social opportunities for the poor, especially women, through their pioneering microcredit work"
		Grameen Bank	ဘင်္ဂလားဒေ့ရှ်
2007		Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change	ဆွစ်ဇာလန်	"for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change"
		အယ်လ် ဂိုး	အမေရိကန်
2008		မာတီ အာတစ်ဆရီ	ဖင်လန်	"for his important efforts, on several continents and over more than three decades, to resolve international conflicts"
2009		ဘာရက် အိုဘားမား	အမေရိကန်	"for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples."
2010	60px	လျူရှောင်ဘို	တရုတ်ပြည်	"for his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China"
2011		အဲလန် ဂျွန်ဆန် ဆာလိဖ်	လိုက်ဘေးရီးယား	"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work"
		Leymah Gbowee
		Tawakel Karman	ယီမင်
၂၀၁၂		ဥရောပ သမဂ္ဂ	အီးယူ	"for [having] over six decades contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation, democracy and human rights in Europe."

ကိုးကား

General

• All Nobel Peace Prize Laureates. Nobel Foundation. Retrieved on 2008-11-29။
• Nobel Prize winners by category (peace). Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved on 2008-11-29။
• Rogers, Simon (8 October 2010). Nobel peace prize winners list 2010: how does Liu Xiaobo compare to previous medal holders?. The Guardian.

Specific

ပြင်ပလင့်ခ်များ

• Official website of the Norwegian Nobel Committee