ဟတ်ကာလူမျိုး

Hakka people

客家, Hak-kâ 客家漢族
A Hakka woman wearing a traditional hat.
လူဦးရေ စုစုပေါင်း
c. 80 million to 120 million worldwide
အများစု နေထိုင်သည့် နေရာ
Primarily Mainland China (Guangdong Fujian Jiangxi Guangxi Sichuan Hunan Zhejiang Hainan Guizhou) Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan Chinese diaspora
ဘာသာစကား
ဟတ်ကာဘာသာစကား (native) Hokkien (Taiwanese Hakkas) Cantonese (Hong Kong and Macau) Mandarin Chinese (auxiliary)
ကိုးကွယ်မှု
Predominantly Chinese folk religions (Confucianism, Taoism, ancestral worship and others), Mahayana Buddhism, Christianity, non-religious and others
ဆက်စပ် တိုင်းရင်းသား အုပ်စုများ
Other Han Chinese groups

ဟတ်ကာလူမျိုး
တရုတ်	客家人
ဆိုလိုရင်း	"Guest Families"
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Kèjiā Wade–Giles Ko4-chia1 IPA [kʰɤ̂.tɕjá] Gan Romanization Kak6 Ga1 Hakka Romanization Hag2-ga24 Yue: Cantonese Yale Romanization Haak-gāa IPA [haːk̚˧.kaː˥] Jyutping Haak3-gaa1 Southern Min Tâi-lô Kheh-ka

ဟတ်ကာလူမျိုး (တရုတ်: 客家; အင်္ဂလိပ်: Hakka) သည် ဟန်တရုတ် အုပ်စုဝင် ဖြစ်သည်။ ဟတ်ကာတို့သည် တရုတ်ပြည်မကြီး (အင်္ဂလိပ်: Mainland China)၏ အောက်ဖော်ပြပါဒေသတွင် အများစု နေထိုင်ကြသည် -

1. ကွမ်တုန်း ပြည်နယ် - Guangdong (广东) ၊
2. ဖူကျန့် ပြည်နယ် - Fujian (福建) ၊
3. ကျန်းစီ ပြည်နယ် - Jiangxi (江西) ၊
4. ကွမ်စီ ပြည်နယ် Guangxi - (广西) ၊
5. စစ်ချွမ်း ပြည်နယ် - Sichuan (四川) ၊
6. ဟူနန် ပြည်နယ် - Hunan (湖南) ၊
7. ကျဲ့ကျန်း ပြည်နယ် - Zhejiang (浙江) ၊
8. ကွေ့ကျိုး ပြည်နယ် - Guizhou (贵州) ၊
9. ဟိုင်နန် ပြည်နယ် - Hainan (海南) ။

သညာအမှတ်

ဟတ်ကာ (客家) ဆိုသည်မှာ ဧည့်သည်ဖြစ်သည်။ဟတ်ကာတို့သည် မျက်မှောက်ခေတ်ကာလတွင် ရှေးဘိုးဘွားများထက် အများအပြား တိုးတက်လာခဲ့သည်။ ဟတ်ကာလူမျိုးနှင့် ဟတ်ကာစကားတို့သည် ဟတ်ကာ၏ အမျိုးသားသင်္ကေတ ဖြစ်လာခဲ့သည်။

• အထူးအားဖြင့် ဟတ်ကာတို့၏ မူလချက်မြှုပ်နှင့် ဆက်နွယ်နိုင်သည့် မြောက်ပိုင်းဒေသမှာ
  • ဟောနန် ပြည်နယ် - Henan (河南)
  • ဟူပေ ပြည်နယ် - Hubei (湖北) တို့မှ

လက်ရှိနေထိုင်လျက်ရှိသောတောင်ပိုင်းဒေသသို့ ရွေ့ပြောင်းခဲ့သည်။ ထို့မှတဖန် ကမ္ဘာ့တဝန်းသို့ ဆက်လက်ရွေ့ပြောင်းသွားကြသည်။

ကမ္ဘာ့တဝန်းလုံး၌ တရုတ်ရွေ့ပြောင်းရပ်ဝန်းအုပ်စုဖြစ်ပေါ်လာခဲ့ရာ ဟတ်ကာရပ်ဝန်းအုပ်စုရှိ လူဦးရေသည် ခန့်မှန်းခြေ (၈၀) သန်း နှင့် (၁၂၀) သန်းကြား ရှိနိုင်သည်။ တရုတ် အလယ်ပိုင်း မှ တောင်ပိုင်း သို့ ဟတ်ကာတို့ ရွှေ့ပြောင်းခဲ့ချိန် ထက်စော၍ ရောက်ရှိနေသော တခြားဟန်တရုတ်အုပ်စုဝင်တို့၏ ရိုးရာဓလေ့ထုံးတမ်းနှင့် စကားသည် ဟတ်ကာ၏ ရိုးရာဓလေ့ထုံးတမ်းများနှင့် စကားသည် အထူးခြားနားသည်။

ဩဇာသက်ရောက်မှု

၁၉၈၄ ခုနစ် မှစတင်၍ ခေတ်သစ် တရုတ်ပြည်သူသမ္မတနိုင်ငံပုံဖော်လာကြသော အစိုးရအဖွဲ့နှင့် တပ်မတော် တို့ကို ဦးဆောင်နေသူအများအပြားသည် ဟတ်ကာလူမျိုးစုဖြစ်သည်။ ထို့ပြင် ပေါ်လစ်ဗျူရို နှင့် အမြဲတမ်းအဖွဲ့ဝင်များ၏ ထက်ဝက်ကျော်ပါဝင်သည်။

နိုင်ငံရေး

Revolutionary, political and military leaders

China – Taiping Heavenly Kingdom

Name (Hakka pronunciation)	Chinese name	Birth-Death	Born	Ancestry	Description
en:Hong Xiuquan (Fung Siew Chen)	洪秀全	1812–1864	Huaxian, Guangdong	Meixian, Guangdong	Heavenly King (天王), 1851; Leader, Taiping Rebellion; The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (太平天国), 1851–1864, established by Hong had, at one stage, occupied one-third of China, and almost toppled the Qing dynasty
en:Feng Yunshan (Fung Yun San)	馮雲山 冯云山	1815–1852	Huaxian, Guangdong	Longchuan, Guangdong	South King (南王), 1851; Strategist of the Taiping Rebellion; Administrator of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom during its early years
en:Yang Xiuqing (Yong Siew Tshin)	楊秀清 杨秀清	1821–1856	Guiping, Guangxi	Meixian, Guangdong	East King (东王), 1851; Commander-in-chief, Taiping Army
en:Shi Dakai (Sak Tat Hoi)	石達開 石达开	1831–1863	Guixian, Guangxi	Heping, Guangdong	Wing King (翼王), 1851; The youngest of the six top leaders of Taiping at the age of 19; Shi's heroics as an outstanding general were later to inspire his fellow Hakka clansman, Zhu De, who founded the Red Army (红军), later known as the People's Liberation Army (人民解放军) His mother was of Zhuang origin.
en:Li Xiucheng (Lee Siew Sin)	李秀成	1823–1864	Tengxian, Guangxi	Fengle, Guangdong	Loyal King (忠王), 1858; One of the key leaders at the later stages of the Kingdom
Chen Yucheng (Chin Nyuk Sin)	陳玉成 陈玉成	1837–1862	Tengxian, Guangxi	Wengyuan, Guangdong	Heroic King (英王), 1859; One of the key leaders at the later stages of the Kingdom
Hong Rengan (Fung Yin Kon)	洪仁玕	1822–1864	Huaxian, Guangdong	Meixian, Guangdong	Shield King (干王), 1859; Premier of the Kingdom; First person in China to advocate modern-style government and opening-up reforms

China – Qing dynasty

Name (Hakka pronunciation)	Chinese name	Birth-Death	Born	Ancestry	Description
Lai Enjue (Lai En Cheok)	赖恩爵	1795–1848	Shenzhen	Zijin, Guangdong	Admiral (水师提督), Guangdong Navy, 1843–1848; Commander, Battle of Kowloon, First Opium War, 1839; Just before Lai died due to illness, he told his family clan that his wish was to see the return of Hong Kong to China; Ten days before the return of Hong Kong on 1 July 1997, more than a hundred of the Lai clan descendants from different parts of the world returned to their ancestral home to mark the event
Yan Botao	颜伯焘	1792–1855	Lianping, Guangdong	Lianping, Guangdong	Viceroy (总督), Fujian and Zhejiang Provinces, 1841–1842; Commander, Battle of Amoy, First Opium War, 1841
Feng Zicai (Fung Tse Choi)	馮子才 冯子才	1818–1903	Qinzhou, Guangxi	Bobai, Guangxi	Commander-in-chief, Provincial Army (提督), 1862-; Commanding general, Sino-French War, 1884–1885; Feng was instrumental in the defeat of the French at the Battle of Bang Bo which led to the French Retreat from Lạng Sơn and the conclusion of the war
Liu Yongfu (Liew Yun Fook)	劉永福 刘永福	1837–1917	Qinzhou, Guangxi	Bobai, Guangxi	Founder and commander of the celebrated Black Flag Army (黑旗军), 1857–1885; President, Republic of Formosa, 1895
Qiu Fengjia (Hiew Fung Kap)	丘逢甲	1864–1912	Miaoli, Taiwan	Jiaoling, Guangdong	Commander, Taiwanese militia forces, Japanese invasion of Taiwan, 1895; Revolutionary leader, Xinhai Revolution; Guangdong Representative for the Republic of China Provisional Presidential Election, 1911; Feng Chia University in Taiwan is named in honour of Qiu
Liu Guangdi (Liew Kong Tee)	劉光第 刘光第	1859–1898	Fushun, Sichuan	Wuping, Fujian	One of the "Six Gentlemen of the Hundred Days' Reform (戊戌六君子) – a group of six intellectuals executed by Empress Dowager Cixi for their attempts to help Guangxu Emperor implement the "Hundred Days' Reform" (戊戌变法)
Wen Shengcai (Voon Sang Choi)	溫生才	1869–1911	Meixian, Guangdong	Meixian, Guangdong	One of the Four Martyrs of Honghuagang (红花岗四烈士); Wen assassinated the Manchu general, Fu Qi, in 1911; All of the four martyrs of Honghuagang are Hakkas

China – Republic of China

Name (Hakka pronunciation)	Chinese name	Birth-Death	Born	Ancestry	Description
Sun Yat-sen (Soon Tsung San)	孫中山 孙中山	1866–1925	Xiangshan, Guangdong	Zijin, Guangdong	Founding father of modern China; First President, Provisional Government of the Republic of China, 1912
Yao Yuping	姚雨平	1882–1974	Pingyuan, Guangdong	Pingyuan, Guangdong	General, 1912-; Commander-in-chief, Guangdong Northern Expeditionary Army (广东北伐军), Xinhai Revolution, 1911–1912; Yao's successive victories against the Qing Army were vital in the successful defence of the Provisional Government in Nanjing and the early abdication of Xuan Tong Emperor
Liao Zhongkai (Liao Tshung Koi)	廖仲愷	1877–1925	San Francisco, USA	Huiyang, Guangdong	Sun Yat-sen's main advisor on financial matters; Liao was one of the three most powerful figures in Kuomintang when Sun died
Eugene Chen	陈友仁	1878–1944	San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago	Meixian, Guangdong	Outstanding Foreign Minister in the 1920s known for his success in promoting Sun Yat-sen's anti-imperialist foreign policies; Chen's father is a former Taiping
Huang Shaohong	黃紹竑	1895–1966	Rong County, Guangxi	Rong County, Guangxi	General; Warlord of the New Guangxi clique which controlled Guangxi and much of Guangdong, Hunan, and Hubei, 1924–1929
Chen Jitang (Chin Tsi Thong)	陳濟棠 陈济棠	1890–1954	Fangcheng, Guangxi	Bobai, Guangxi	General First-class (four-star general), 1935-; Chen was a warlord known as the "Southern Heavenly King" (南天王) as he wielded absolute control of the government and army of autonomous Guangdong, 1929–1936
Chen Mingshu	陈铭枢	1889–1965	Bepu, Guangxi	Bepu, Guangxi	Acting Premier of the Republic of China, 1931–1932; General, 1947-; Commander-in-Chief, 19th Route Army (十九路军), Battle of Shanghai, 1931–1932; The 19th Route Army, which started off as a Regiment unit under the command of Chen in the First Division of the Guangdong Army, was one of Nationalist China best fighting forces
Deng Yanda	鄧演達 邓演达	1895–1931	Huiyang, Guangdong	Huiyang, Guangdong	Leftist Nationalist politician who, in 1930, founded the Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party, one of the eight non-communist, legally recognised political parties in the People's Republic of China today; Deng was a military commander in the elite First Division of the Guangdong Army
Sun Ke (Soon Kho)	孫科 孙科	1895–1973	Xiangshan, Guangdong	Zijin, Guangdong	Premier of the Republic of China, 1932, 1948–1949
Xue Yue (Siet Ngok)	薛岳	1896–1998	Lechang, Guangdong	Rucheng, Hunan	General First-class (four-star general), 1952-; Commander-in-chief, 9th War Zone, Second Sino-Japanese War, 1938–1945; Called "Patton of Asia" by the West and the "God of War" (战神) by the Chinese, Xue was China most outstanding general during the war against the Japanese
Zhang Fakui (Tshong Fat Khui)	張發奎 张发奎	1896–1980	Shixing, Guangdong	Shixing, Guangdong	General, 1936-; Commander-in-chief, National Revolutionary Army ground forces, 1949; Commander-in-chief, 4th War Zone, Second Sino-Japanese War, 1939–1944; As Honorary President of the "Hong Kong Tsung Tsin Association" (香港崇正总会), the umbrella body for Hakkas in Hong Kong, Zhang initiated and organized the first World Hakka Congress in 1971
Huang Qixiang	黃琪翔	1898–1970	Meixian, Guangdong	Meixian, Guangdong	General, 1946-; Leftist Nationalist; Deputy Commander-in-chief, 5th War Zone (later 6th War Zone), Second Sino-Japanese War, 1938; Led the Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party, 1931–1938, after Deng Yanda's death; One of the two most outstanding generals (the other being fellow Hakka Ye Ting) during the First Expedition of the Northern Expedition, 1926, and was promoted to Commander, Fourth Army, for the Second Expedition, 1927, at the age of 28
Luo Zhuoying	羅卓英 罗卓英	1896–1961	Dabu, Guangdong	Dabu, Guangdong	General, 1946-; Commander-in-chief, 1st Route Expeditionary Forces, Burma (China first participation of a war overseas), 1942; Deputy Commander-in-chief, 9th War Zone, Second Sino-Japanese War, 1941
Huang Baitao	黄百韬	1900–1948	Tianjin	Meixian, Guangdong	General, 1948; Commander-in-chief, 7th Army Group; Twice recipient of the Order of Blue Sky and White Sun (the highest honour for a military commander); Huang committed suicide rather than surrendering after he was defeated at the Huaihai Campaign, the most decisive battle of the Chinese Civil War, in 1948
Fan Hanjie	范漢傑 范汉杰	1896–1976	Dabu, Guangdong	Dabu, Guangdong	Lieutenant General, 1945-; Deputy Commander-in-chief, National Revolutionary Army ground forces, 1948; Deputy Commander-in-chief, Dongbei (Manchuria) Force, Chinese Civil War, 1948; Deputy Commander-in-chief, 1st War Zone, Second Sino-Japanese War, 1945; Fan was one of the favourite generals of Chiang Kaishek
Wu Qiwei	吳奇偉 吳奇伟	1890–1953	Dabu, Guangdong	Dabu, Guangdong	Lieutenant General, 1935-; Governor of Hunan, 1945–1946; Commander-in-chief, Changjiang (Yangtze River) Defence Force, Second Sino-Japanese War, 1942–1944; Deputy Commander-in-chief, 4th War Zone (later 6th War Zone), Second Sino-Japanese War, 1939; Wu defected to the Communists in 1949
Miao Peinan	缪培南	1890–1970	Wuhua, Guangdong	Wuhua, Guangdong	Lieutenant General, 1936-; Commander-in-chief, 9th Army Group, Second Sino-Japanese War, 1940; Miao represented the Chinese government to accept the Japanese surrender in Guangdong, 1945
Xie Jinyuan (Tsia Tshin Ngian)	謝晉元 谢晋元	1905–1941	Jiaoling, Guangdong	Jiaoling, Guangdong	Major General, 1941; Commander, Defence of Sihang Warehouse, Shanghai, 1937; The heroism of Xie and the defenders of the warehouse which lifted flagging Chinese morale was made into films in 1938 and 1976 named "Eight Hundred Heroes" (八百壯士)
Yao Ziqing	姚子青	1909–1937	Pingyuan, Guangdong	Pingyuan, Guangdong	General; Commander during the Defence of Baoshan, part of the Battle of Shanghai, 1937; The heroism of Yao and the defenders of the Baoshan where all 600 soldiers but one lost their lives to defend the county was made into film named "Defenders" (捍衛者)

China – People's Republic

Name (Hakka pronunciation)	Chinese name	Birth-Death	Born	Ancestry	Description
Li Lisan	李立三	1899–1967	Liling, Hunan	Liling, Hunan	Top leader of Chinese Communist Party, 1928–1930
Zhu De	朱德	1886–1976	Yilong, Sichuan	Shaoguan, Guangdong	Chairman of the National People's Congress (Head of State), People's Republic of China, 1975–1976; Marshal, 1955-; Founder and Commander-in-chief of the Red Army (红军), later known as the People's Liberation Army (人民解放军)
Ye Ting	葉挺 叶挺	1896–1946	Huiyang, Guangdong	Huiyang, Guangdong	Commander-In-chief, New Fourth Army, one of the two main Chinese communist forces fighting the Japanese Imperial Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War (the other main communist force, Eighth Route Army, was commanded by Zhu De)
Ye Jianying (Yap Kiam Yin)	葉劍英 叶剑英	1897–1986	Meixian, Guangdong	Meixian, Guangdong	Chairman of the National People's Congress (Head of State), People's Republic of China, 1978–1983; Marshal, 1955-; Communist China first Governor of Guangdong, 1949–1953; Ye led the overthrow of the Gang of Four, which marked the end of the Cultural Revolution
Hu Yaobang (Fu Yau Bong)	胡耀邦	1915–1989	Liuyang, Hunan	Ji'an, Jiangxi	en:Chairman of the Communist Party of China, 1981–1982; en:General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, 1980–1987; Both positions during these periods made Hu the highest-ranked in the Communist Party of China and the second most powerful person in China after Deng Xiaoping; In 1989, the memorial service for his death sparked off a pro-democracy movement which led to the Tiananmen Square protests
en:Liao Chengzhi (Liau Sin Chee)	廖承志	1908–1983	Tokyo, Japan	Huiyang, Guangdong	Liao died four days after he was nominated to be the Vice-President, People's Republic of China; First Director, Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office, 1978–1983
en:Liu Yalou	劉亞樓 刘亚楼	1910–1965	Wuping, Fujian	Wuping, Fujian	General, 1955-; First Commander-in-chief, People's Liberation Army Air Force, 1949–1965
en:Wang Shoudao	王首道	1906–1996	Liuyang, Hunan	Liuyang, Hunan	Vice-Chairman, en:Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (中国人民政治协商会议), 1978–1983; Governor of Hunan, 1950–1952
en:Yang Chengwu (Yong Sin Woo)	楊成武 杨成武	1904–2004	Changting, Fujian	Changting, Fujian	Vice-Chairman, Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (中国人民政治协商会议), 1983–1988; General, 1955-; Acting Chief of General Staff, People's Liberation Army, 1965–1968
Xiao Hua	肖华	1916–1985	Xingguo, Jiangxi	Xingguo, Jiangxi	Youngest General at the age of 39, 1955; Vice-Chairman, Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (中国人民政治协商会议), 1983–1985; Chief Political Commissar, People's Liberation Army, 1964–1967
Yang Yong	杨勇	1913–1983	Liuyang, Hunan	Liuyang, Hunan	Member, en:Secretariat of the Communist Party of China Central Committee (中国共产党中央书记处), 1982–1983; General, 1955-; Deputy Chief of General Staff, People's Liberation Army, 1959; Governor of Guizhou, 1950–1951
en:Lai Chuanzhu	赖传珠	1910–1965	Ganxian, Jiangxi	Ganxian, Jiangxi	General, 1955-; Political Commissar, 15th Army Corps (later 13th Army Corps), Fourth Field Army, 1948–1950; Chief of Staff, New Fourth Army, 1941–1945; The life story of Lai was made into a television drama, "General Diary Complete" (将军日记), in 2011
en:Chen Qihan	陈奇涵	1910–1965	Ganxian, Jiangxi	Ganxian, Jiangxi	General, 1955-; First President, Military Court, People's Liberation Army, 1954–1957; Commander-in-chief, Jiangxi Military Region, 1949
en:Li Tianyou	李天佑	1914–1970	Lingui, Guangxi	Lingui, Guangxi	General, 1955-; Deputy Chief of Staff, People's Liberation Army, 1962–1970; A film, titled "Li Tianyou Jagged Siping" (李天佑血战四平), about how Li led the Communist first-ever attack and victory of a city, Battle of Siping, 1946, was made in 2009
Ding Sheng	丁盛	1913–1999	Yudu, Jiangxi	Yudu, Jiangxi	Major General, 1955-; Governor of Guangdong, 1972–1974
en:Zhang Tingfa	张廷发	1918–2010	Shaxian, Fujian	Shaxian, Fujian	Major General, 1955-; Commander-in-chief, People's Liberation Army Air Force, 1977–1985
en:Chen Pixian	陳丕顯 陈丕显	1916–1995	Shanghang, Fujian	Shanghang, Fujian	Member, Secretariat of the Communist Party of China Central Committee (中国共产党中央书记处), 1982–1985; Governor of Hubei, 1978–1980
en:Ye Xuanping (Yap Sen Phin)	葉選平 叶选平	1924-	Meixian, Guangdong	Meixian, Guangdong	Vice-Chairman, Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (中国人民政治协商会议), 1991–2003; Governor of Guangdong, 1985–1991
Xie Fei (Chia Fui)	謝非 谢非	1932–1999	Lufeng, Guangdong	Lufeng, Guangdong	Vice-Chairman, National People's Congress (全国人民代表大会), 1998–1999
Zhang Zhen	张震	1914–2015	Pingjiang, Hunan	Pingyuan, Guangdong	General, 1988-; Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission, 1992–1997
Liao Hui	廖暉 廖晖	1942-	Hong Kong	Huiyang, Guangdong	Vice-Chairman, Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (中国人民政治协商会议), 2003-; Director, Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office, 1997–2010
en:Huang Huahua (Wong Fah Fah)	黃華華 黄华华	1946-	Xingning, Guangdong	Xingning, Guangdong	Governor of Guangdong, 2003–2011; The stepping down of Huang as governor in 2011 marked the end of the dominance of the provincial government by the "Hakka clique" (客家帮)
en:Wu Changde	吴昌德	1952-	Dayu, Jiangxi	Dayu, Jiangxi	General, 2013-; Deputy Director, People's Liberation Army General Political Department, 2011-

Taiwan

Name (Hakka pronunciation)	Chinese name	Birth-Death	Born	Ancestry	Description
en:Lee Teng-hui	李登辉	1923-2020	New Taipei, Taiwan	Yongding, Fujian	en:President of the Republic of China, 1988–2000; First popularly elected President in Chinese history
en:Tsai Ing-wen (Chai Yin Vun)	蔡英文	1956-	Pingtung, Taiwan		President of the Republic of China, 2016–; First and only female President in Chinese history; First female without any political lineage to head a government in Asia
en:Li Yuan-tsu	李元簇	1923-	Pingjiang, Hunan	Pingjiang, Hunan	Vice-President of the Republic of China, 1990–1996
en:Annette Lu	呂秀蓮 吕秀莲	1944-	Taoyuan, Taiwan	Nanjing, Fujian	First and only female Vice-President of the Republic of China, 2000–2008
en:Hsu Fu-lin	徐傅霖	1878–1958	Heping, Guangdong	Heping, Guangdong	Losing candidate in the Republic of China Presidential Election to Chiang Kai-shek, 1954; Leader, en:China Democratic Socialist Party, 1946–1958; Hsu was the Finance Minister in the Republic of China government in China, 1946-
Wang Sheng	王昇 王升	1915–2006	Longan, Jiangxi	Longan, Jiangxi	General, 1970-; Director, General Political Warfare Department (总政治作战部), which was responsible for secret military and intelligence operations, 1975–1983; Wang was the second most powerful person in Taiwan after President en:Chiang Ching-kuo as he led the "Liu Shaokang Office" (刘少康办公室) which was described as the inner court of the Kuomintang party headquarters, 1979–1983 and he was rumoured to be the successor to Chiang
en:Yu Shyi-kun	游錫堃 游锡堃	1948-	Yilan, Taiwan	Zhao'an, Fujian	Premier of the Republic of China, 2002–2005; Chairman, Democratic Progressive Party, 2006–2007
en:Jiang Yi-huah	江宜樺 江宜桦	1960-	Keelung, Taiwan		en:Premier of the Republic of China, 2013–2014
en:Hsu Hsin-liang (Hee Sin Leong)	許信良 许信良	1941-	Taoyuan, Taiwan	Raoping, Guangdong	Co-founder and Chairman, en:Democratic Progressive Party, 1991–1994, 1996–1998; Presidential candidate, en:2000 Republic of China presidential election
en:Hsu Hsin-ying	徐欣瑩	1972-	Hsinchu, Taiwan		Founder and Chairman, Minkuotang, 2015-; Vice-Presidential candidate, 2016 Republic of China presidential election; Member of the Legislative Yuan, 2012–2015; Won by the highest majority among more than 100 legislative yuan seats in the 2012 Republic of China legislative election
en:Hsu Ching-chung	徐慶鐘 徐庆钟	1907–1996	Taipei, Taiwan	Jiaoling, Guangdong	Vice-Premier, Republic of China, 1972–1981
Chiu Chuang-huan	邱創煥 邱创焕	1925-	Changhua, Taiwan	Raoping, Guangdong	Vice-Premier, Republic of China, 1981–1984; en:Governor of Taiwan Province, 1984–1990
en:Liu Kwo-tsai	刘阔才	1911–1993	Miaoli, Taiwan	Pingyuan, Guangdong	President of the Legislative Yuan, 1988–1990
en:Yeh Chu-lan (Yap Kiuk Lan)	葉菊蘭 叶菊兰	1949-	Miaoli, Taiwan		Vice-Premier, Republic of China, 2004–2005
en:Chiang Pin-kung	江丙坤	1932-	Nantou, Taiwan	Pinghe, Fujian	Acting Chairman, Kuomintang, 2007; Chairman, Straits Exchange Foundation (海峽交流基金会), 2008–2012
en:Wu Po-hsiung (Ng Pak Hiung)	吳伯雄 吴伯雄	1939-	Taoyuan, Taiwan	Yongding, Fujian	Chairman, Kuomintang, 2007–2009; Mayor, Taipei, 1988–1990
en:Chen Ta-ching	陳大慶 陈大庆	1904–1973	Chongyi, Jiangxi	Chongyi, Jiangxi	Minister of National Defense, 1972–1973; Governor of Taiwan Province, 1969–1972; General First-class (four-star general), 1973-; Commander-In-chief, en:Republic of China Army, 1967–1969
en:Tang Yao-ming	湯曜明 汤曜明	1940-	Taichung, Taiwan	Yunxiao, Fujian	First Local (non-Mainlander) Taiwanese Minister of National Defense, 2002–2004; General First-class (four-star general), 1999-; Chief of General Staff, en:Republic of China Armed Forces, 1999–2002

Hong Kong

Name (Hakka pronunciation)	Chinese name	Birth-Death	Born	Ancestry	Description
en:Zeng Sheng	曾生	1910–1995	Huiyang, Guangdong	Huiyang, Guangdong	Legendary Commander, Dong River Column guerrilla force (东江纵队), which was made up mainly of Hakkas; Noteworthy accomplishments of the guerrilla force included the aiding of British and Commonwealth prisoners of war to escape successfully from Japanese internment camps and the rescuing of twenty American pilots who parachuted into Hong Kong when they were shot down during the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong, 1941–1945
David Lan	藍鴻震	1940-	Hong Kong	Dabu, Guangdong	Secretary for Home Affairs, 1997–2000
en:Martin Lee	李柱銘 李柱铭	1938-	Hong Kong	Huiyang, Guangdong	Founding Chairman, Democratic Party, 1994–2002; Leading figure of Pan-democracy camp; Lee is hailed as the Father of democracy of Hong Kong
en:Lau Wong-fat	劉皇發 刘皇发	1936-	Hong Kong	Huiyang, Guangdong	Chairman, en:Heung Yee Kuk (乡议局), a powerful body representing 700 indigenous villages in New Territories, 1980–2015; Known as the "Land Emperor of the New Territories" (新界土皇帝), Lau is the political kingpin in the New Territories
en:Lee Wing Tat	李永達 李永达	1955-	Hong Kong	Huiyang, Guangdong	Chairman, Democratic Party, 2004–2006
en:Tam Yiu Chung (Tham Yau Tsung)	譚耀宗 谭耀宗	1949-	Hong Kong	Huiyang, Guangdong	Chairman, Democratic Alliance for Betterment of Hong Kong, the largest pro-Beijing political party in Hong Kong, 2007-

Singapore

Name (Hakka pronunciation)	Chinese name	Birth-Death	Born	Ancestry	Description
en:Elizabeth Choy	蔡楊素梅 蔡杨素梅	1910–2006	Sabah, Malaysia	Guangdong	War heroine; First and only woman in the Legislative Council of Singapore, 1951–1955
en:Lee Kuan Yew (Lee Kong Yau)	李光耀	1923–2015	Singapore	Dabu, Guangdong	Founding father of modern Singapore; First Prime Minister of Singapore, 1959–1990, mother was a Peranakan
en:Lee Hsien Loong (Lee Sen Lung)	李顯龍 李显龙	1952-	Singapore	Dabu, Guangdong	Prime Minister of Singapore, 2004-; Youngest Brigadier General, Singapore Armed Forces, 1983–1984 He is a mix of Hakka, Perankan and mostly Hokkien Nyonya.
en:Yong Nyuk Lin	楊玉麟 杨玉麟	1918–2012	Negri Sembilan, Malaysia	Meixian, Guangdong	Cabinet Minister, 1959–1976
en:Hon Sui Sen (Hon Sui Sang)	韓瑞生 韩瑞生	1916–1983	Penang, Malaysia	Jiexi, Guangdong	Cabinet Minister, 1970–1983
en:Howe Yoon Chong (Hiew Yoon Chong)	侯永昌	1923–2007	Meixian, Guangdong	Meixian, Guangdong	Cabinet Minister, 1979–1984 (Minister of Defence, 1979–1982)
en:Richard Hu (Foo Su Thau)	胡賜道 胡赐道	1926-	Singapore	Yongding, Fujian	Cabinet Minister, 1985–2001

Malaysia

Name (Hakka pronunciation)	Chinese name	Birth-Death	Born	Ancestry	Description
en:Yap Ah Loy	葉亞來 叶亚来	1837–1885	Huizhou, Guangdong	Huizhou, Guangdong	Founder, modern Kuala Lumpur, capital of Malaysia; Kapitan Cina, Kuala Lumpur, 1868–1885
en:Chung Keng Quee (Chang Kin Gui)	鄭景貴 郑景贵	1827–1901	Zengcheng, Guangdong	Zengcheng, Guangdong	Founder, Taiping, Perak; Kapitan Cina, Perak, 1875–1900; Leader, Hai San Secret Society, Larut War, 1861–1874
en:Chin Ah Yam	陳亞炎 陈亚炎	-1899	Dabu, Guangdong	Dabu, Guangdong	Kapitan Cina, Perak, 1875–1899; Leader, Ghee Hin Secret Society, Larut War, 1861–1874
en:Leong Fee	梁輝 梁辉	1857–1911	Meixian, Guangdong	Meixian, Guangdong	First Chinese Member, Federal Legislative Council, 1909
en:Philip Lee Tau Sang	李道生	-1959			Highly respected and leading Chinese politician who was greatly favoured by the British colonial rulers in North Borneo (now Sabah) in the 1950s
en:Lau Pak Khuan (Liew Pak Khiun)	劉伯群 刘伯群	1894–1971	Zengcheng, Guangdong	Zengcheng, Guangdong	First Chinese to be conferred the "en:Datuk Seri" title; Led the unsuccessful bid for Chinese equal citizenship-rights and official language status during the drafting of the Malaysian Constitution
en:Omar Ong Yoke Lin	翁毓麟	1917–2010	Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia	Huizhou, Guangdong	Cabinet Minister, 1955–1973; First Chinese President, Malaysian Senate, 1973–1980; Mooted the idea to form the Alliance Party (Malaysia), predecessor of Barisan Nasional, the ruling coalition party of Malaysia since independence in 1952
en:Wong Pow Nee	王保尼	1911–2002	Penang, Malaysia	Xingning, Guangdong	First Chief Minister of Penang, 1957–1969
en:Peter Lo Sui Yin	羅思仁 罗思仁	1923–2020	Sabah, Malaysia	Longchuan, Guangdong	Chief Minister of Sabah, 1965–67; Cabinet Minister, 1963–1965
James Wong Kim Min	黄金明	1922–2011	Sarawak, Malaysia	Guangdong	Leader of the Opposition of Malaysia, 1974; First Deputy Chief Minister, Sarawak, 1963–1966; President, Sarawak National Party, 1981–2003; Hold the record for being the longest serving Member of the Sarawak State Assembly for forty-six years, 1956–2001
en:Stephen Yong Kuet Tze	楊國斯 杨国斯	1921–2001	Sarawak, Malaysia	Dabu, Guangdong	Cabinet Minister, 1982–1990; Co-founder, Sarawak United Peoples' Party, Sarawak's first political party, 1959 (President, 1983–1990); Yong is best remembered for giving the Chinese in Sarawak a political voice
en:Lee Kim Sai (Lee Kim Sze)	李金狮	1937-2019	Selangor, Malaysia		Cabinet Minister, 1986–1995
en:Yong Teck Lee	楊德利 杨德利	1958-	Sabah, Malaysia	Longchuan, Guangdong	Chief Minister of Sabah, 1996–1998; Founder and President, Sabah Progressive Party, 1994-
en:Peter Chin Fah Kui	陳華貴 陈华贵	1945-	Sarawak, Malaysia	Bao'an, Guangdong	Cabinet Minister, 2004–2013; President, Sarawak United Peoples' Party, 2011-
en:Chor Chee Heung (Chau Chee Hiung)	曹智雄	1955-	Kedah, Malaysia	Dabu, Guangdong	Cabinet Minister, 2010–2013
en:Liow Tiong Lai (Liau Tsung Loi)	廖中莱	1961	Malacca, Malaysia	Dabu, Guangdong	Cabinet Minister, 2008–2013, 2014-; President, Malaysian Chinese Association, 2013-
en:Wee Ka Siong (Ngui Ka Seong)	魏家祥	1968-	Malacca, Malaysia	Lufeng, Guangdong	Cabinet Minister, 2014-
en:Teresa Kok (Kok Su Sim)	郭素沁	1964-	Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia	Huizhou, Guangdong	Member of Parliament, 1999-; Won by the highest majority among more than 200 constituency seats in the 2008 and 2013 Malaysian general elections; In the 2013 election, Kok won more than 85% of the total votes cast, a record in Malaysia history
en:Chong Hon Nyan (Chong Hon Nyan)	張漢源 张汉源	1924-2020	Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia		Minister of Health (1978-1982) and Transport (1983-1986)

Indonesia

Name (Hakka pronunciation)	Chinese name	Birth-Death	Born	Ancestry	Description
Lo Fong Bak	羅芳伯 罗芳伯	1738–1778	Meixian, Guangdong	Meixian, Guangdong	Founder and President, Hakka Republic of Lanfang in West Kalimantan, 1777–1884; The republic lasted for 107 years and had ten presidents who are all Meixian Hakkas
en:Basuki Tjahaja Purnama (Tjung Ban Hok)	鍾萬學 钟万学	1966-	Bangka–Belitung Islands, Indonesia	Meixian, Guangdong	First Chinese Governor, Jakarta, capital of Indonesia, which is considered to be the third most powerful position in Indonesia, 2014-; Basuki is more popularly known by his Hakka name, "Ahok" (阿学)
en:Christiandy Sanjaya (Wong Hon San)	黄汉山	1964-	West Kalimantan, Indonesia	Jiexi, Guangdong	Deputy Governor, West Kalimantan, 2008–2013; First elected Chinese Deputy Governor of Indonesia
en:Teddy Jusuf (Hiung Tet Yie)	熊德怡	1966-	West Java, Indonesia	Meixian, Guangdong	First and only Chinese to attain the rank of Brigadier General, Indonesian National Armed Forces, 1983

Thailand

Name (Hakka pronunciation)	Chinese name	Birth-Death	Born	Ancestry	Description
en:Thaksin Shinawatra (Hiew Tat Sin)	丘達新 丘达新	1949-	Chiang Mai, Thailand	Fengshun, Guangdong	Only Prime Minister of Thailand to be re-elected in Thailand history, 2001–2006; Parties linked to Thaksin had won all the five general elections in Thailand since 2001
en:Yingluck Shinawatra (Hiew Yin Lok)	丘仁樂 丘仁乐	1967-	Chiang Mai, Thailand	Fengshun, Guangdong	First and only female Prime Minister of Thailand, 2011–2014
en:Supachai Panitchpakdi		1946-	Bangkok, Thailand		Deputy Prime Minister, 1992–1995, 1997–2001; First and only Asian Director-General, World Trade Organization, 2002–2005
en:Sudarat Keyuraphan		1961-	Bangkok, Thailand		Cabinet Minister, 2002–2006
en:Chaiyasit Shinawatra		1945-	Chiang Mai, Thailand	Fengshun, Guangdong	Supreme Commander, Royal Thai Armed Forces, 2004–2005; Commander-in-Chief, Royal Thai Army, 2003–2004

Cambodia

Name (Hakka pronunciation)	Chinese name	Birth-Death	Born	Ancestry	Description
en:Sok An (Soo On)	索安	1950-	Takéo, Cambodia		Deputy Prime Minister, Cambodia, 2004-

Myanmar

Name (Hakka pronunciation)	Chinese name	Birth-Death	Born	Ancestry	Description
နေဝင်း	奈温	1910–2002	Bago Region, Myanmar	Meixian, Guangdong	President of Myanmar, 1974–1981; Chairman, Union Revolutionary Council, 1962–1974; Prime Minister of Myanmar, 1958–1960, 1962–1974; Commander-in-chief (formerly known as Chief of Staff), en:Myanmar Armed Forces, 1949–1972; Ne Win was the paramount leader of Myanmar for three decades
စန်းယု	山友	1918–1996	Bago Region, Myanmar		President of Myanmar, 1981–1988; Commander-in-chief, Myanmar Armed Forces, 1972–1974
ခင်ညွှန့်	钦纽	1939-	Yangon Region, Myanmar	Meixian, Guangdong	Prime Minister of Myanmar, 2003–2004; General, Myanmar Armed Forces, 2002–2003

Timor-Leste

Name (Hakka pronunciation)	Chinese name	Birth-Death	Born	Ancestry	Description
Pedro Lay (Lai Sze Fong)	黎事芳		Timor-Leste	Meixian, Guangdong	First Chinese Cabinet Minister, 2007–2015
Francisco Kalbuadi Lay (Lai Fatt Fong)	黎发芳	1954-	Timor-Leste	Meixian, Guangdong	Cabinet Minister, 2012-; First Chinese to be elected to National Parliament, 2002–2005

Australia

Name (Hakka pronunciation)	Chinese name	Birth-Death	Born	Ancestry	Description
en:Penny Wong	黃英賢 黃英贤	1968-	Sabah, Malaysia		First Chinese and first Asian Cabinet Minister, 2007–2013; First female Leader of the Government in the Senate, 2013; First female Leader of the Opposition in the Senate, 2013-
en:Helen Sham-Ho	何沈慧霞	1943-	Hong Kong	Bao'an, Guangdong	Member, New South Wales Legislative Council, 1988–2003; First Chinese to be elected to an Australian parliament
Peter Wong	黄肇强	1942-	Zhaoqing, Guangdong	Zijin, Guangdong	Member, New South Wales Legislative Council, 1999–2007; Leading anti-white nationalist politician; Founder, Unity Party, which was formed to oppose Pauline Hanson and her white supremacy One Nation party, 1997
en:Alfred Huang	黃國鑫 黄国鑫	1938-	Chengdu, Sichuan	Jiaoling, Guangdong	Lord Mayor, Adelaide, 2000–2003
en:Robert Chong (Tsung Foo Hee)	鐘富喜 钟富喜	1954-	Malaysia	Meixian, Guangdong	Mayor, Whitehorse, Victoria, 2002–2005
en:Henry Tsang	曾筱龍 曾筱龙	1943-	Nanchang, Jiangxi	Wuhua, Guangdong	Deputy Lord Mayor, Sydney, 1991–1999; Member, New South Wales Legislative Council, 1999–2009

French Polynesia

Name (Hakka pronunciation)	Chinese name	Birth-Death	Born	Ancestry	Description
en:Gaston Tong Sang		1949-	Bora-bora, French Polynesia	Guangdong	President, French Polynesia, 2006–2007, 2008–2011; Tong Sang is of mixed blood with Hakka Chinese ancestry on his paternal side

Mauritius

Name (Hakka pronunciation)	Chinese name	Birth-Death	Born	Ancestry	Description
en:Moilin Jean Ah-Chuen (Chu Moi Lin)	朱梅麟	1909–1991	Mauritius	Meixian, Guangdong	First Chinese Cabinet Minister, 1967–1976; First Chinese Member, Legislative Council, 1949; Second Hakka after Sun Yat-sen to have his portrait printed on the bills of a country's currency
en:Joseph Tsang Mang Kin	曾繁興 曾繁兴	1938-	Mauritius	Meixian, Guangdong	Cabinet Minister, 1995–2000; As a poet, Tsang has written a number of poems on the Hakka culture

Seychelles

Name (Hakka pronunciation)	Chinese name	Birth-Death	Born	Ancestry	Description
Li Huarong (Lee Fah Yin)	李华荣		Seychelles	Meixian, Guangdong	Deputy Minister

United Kingdom

Name (Hakka pronunciation)	Chinese name	Birth-Death	Born	Ancestry	Description
en:Nat Wei, Baron Wei	韋鳴恩 韦鸣恩	1977-	Hertfordshire, England, United Kingdom	Zhuhai, Guangdong	Youngest member at the age of 34 and first British-born person of Chinese origin in the House of Lords, 2011-

France

Name (Hakka pronunciation)	Chinese name	Birth-Death	Born	Ancestry	Description
André Thien Ah Koon	曾憲建 曾宪建	1940-	Reunion Island, France	Meixian, Guangdong	First and only Chinese elected to the French National Assembly and the first Chinese elected to a parliament in Europe, 1986–2006; Mayor, Tampon, Reunion Island, 1983–2006, 2014–2020; First Chinese Mayor of Reunion Island and France

Netherlands

Name (Hakka pronunciation)	Chinese name	Birth-Death	Born	Ancestry	Description
en:Varina Tjon-A-Ten	张	1952-	Paramaribo, Suriname	Guangdong	First Chinese elected to the House of Representatives, 2003–2006; Tjon-A-Ten is of mixed blood with paternal Hakka Chinese grandfather who migrated from Guangdong to Suriname
en:Roy Ho Ten Soeng	何天送	1945-	Paramaribo, Suriname	Guangdong	Mayor, Venhuizen, North Holland, 2000–2006; First immigrant Mayor of Netherlands; First Chinese Mayor of Netherlands and Europe

United States

Name (Hakka pronunciation)	Chinese name	Birth-Death	Born	Ancestry	Description
David Chiu	邱信福	1970-	Ohio, USA		Member, California State Assembly, 2014-
en:Yiaway Yeh	葉亞威 叶亚威	1978-	San Francisco, USA	Meixian, Guangdong	First Chinese Mayor of Palo Alto, California, 2012

Guyana

Name (Hakka pronunciation)	Chinese name	Birth-Death	Born	Ancestry	Description
en:Arthur Chung	鐘亞瑟 钟亚瑟	1916–2008	West Demerara, Guyana	Dabu, Guangdong	First President, Guyana, 1970–1980

Trinidad and Tobago

Name (Hakka pronunciation)	Chinese name	Birth-Death	Born	Ancestry	Description
en:Solomon Hochoy	何才	1905–1983	Jamaica	Bao'an, Guangdong	Last British Governor, 1960–1962; First non-white Governor in the whole of the British Empire, 1960; First Governor-General, 1962–1972, when Trinidad and Tobago obtained independence in 1962; First Chinese Head of State in a non-Asian country

Suriname

Name (Hakka pronunciation)	Chinese name	Birth-Death	Born	Ancestry	Description
en:Hendrick Chin A Sen	陳亞先 陈亚先	1934–1999	Marowijne District, Suriname	Huiyang, Guangdong	President and Prime Minister of Suriname, 1980–1982; Chin paternal side is Hakka Chinese and maternal side is mixed Creole

Jamaica

Name (Hakka pronunciation)	Chinese name	Birth-Death	Born	Ancestry	Description
en:Rose Leon		1913–1999	Kingston, Jamaica		First Chinese and first female Cabinet Minister, 1953–1960, 1972–1976; First Chinese Member, House of Representatives, 1949; First female Chairperson of a political party – Jamaica Labour Party, 1948
en:Horace Chang	霍勒斯.郑	1952-	Westmorland, United Kingdom		Cabinet Minister, 2007–2011
en:Delroy Chuck	德尔罗伊.卓	1950-	Manchester Parish, Jamaica	Dongguan	Cabinet Minister, 2011–2012; First Chinese Speaker, House of Representatives, 2007–2011

Brazil

Name (Hakka Pronunciation)	Chinese name	Birth-Death	Born	Ancestry	Description
William Boss Wu	巫佰禧	1968-	São Paulo, Brazil	Raoping, Guangdong	First and only Chinese elected to the National Congress of Brazil, 2006-

• ခေတ်သစ်မြန်မာသမိုင်း | အင်္ဂလိပ် : Model Myanmar's History.
  • နေဝင်း၊ ဦး ​
  • စန်းယု (နိုင်ငံတော်သမ္မတ)
  • အောင်ကြီး
  • ခင်ညွန့် (ဗိုလ်ချုပ်ကြီး)

• ခေတ်သစ်တရုတ်သမိုင်း | အင်္ဂလိပ် : Model China's History.
  • တိန့်ရှောင်ဖိန်

• စုန့်ညီအစ်မ Soong Sisters [Traditional Chinese]:宋家姐妹, [pinyin]: Sòngjiā Jiěmèi, သို့မဟုတ် စုန့်ညီအစ်မသုံးဖော် [Traditional Chinese]:宋氏三姐妹 တို့သည် ဟတ်ကာ Hakka တရုတ်ဖြစ်ပြီး သူတို့အမျိုးသားနှင့် ပက်သက်ပြီး ခေတ်သစ်တရုတ်သမိုင်း China'history ၏ ၂၀ရာစု အစောပိုင်း တွင် ဩဇာဣတ္ထိမ ကြီးမားသော ညီအစ်မဖြင့် မှတ်တမ်းဖြစ်ခဲ့သည်။

စုန့်ညီအစ်မသုံးဖော် ဓာတ်ပုံ A photograph of the three Soong sisters together.

ရုံးသုံးစကား

၁၉ ရာစု ကာလ၌ ဟတ်ကာစကား ကို နိင်ငံတော်စကားအဖြစ် သတ်မှတ်ပြီး တရုတ်ပြည်၏ သုံးပုံတစ်ပုံအကျယ်အဝန်းရှိသော မဟာငြိမ်းချမ်းသောကောင်းကင်နိုင်ငံတော် Taiping Heavenly Kingdom ထူထောင်ခဲ့ကြသည် ။ ဟတ်ကာစကားသည် ထိုင်ဝမ်၏ တရားဝင်ရုံးသုံးစကားများအနက်တစ်ခုလည်း ဖြစ်သည်။

တရုတ်ပြည်သူ့သမ္မတနိုင်ငံ

တရုတ်ပြည်သူ့သမ္မတနိုင်ငံ၏ပြည်နယ်များ

• ပြည်နယ်

1. [[အန်းဟွေး ပြည်နယ် ]] - Anhui (安徽)
2. ဖူကျန့်ပြည်နယ် - Fujian (福建)
3. ကန်းစုပြည်နယ် - Gansu (甘肃)
4. ကွမ်တုန်းပြည်နယ် - Guangdong (广东)
5. ကွေ့ကျိုး Archived 22 November 2020 at the Wayback Machine. ပြည်နယ်]] - Guizhou (贵州)
6. [[ဟိုင်နန် ပြည်နယ်]] - Hainan (海南)
7. ဟိုပေ Archived 27 January 2021 at the Wayback Machine. ပြည်နယ် - Hebei (河北)
8. ဟေးလုံကျန်း ပြည်နယ် | Heilongjiang (黑龙江)
9. ဟောနန် ပြည်နယ် - Henan (河南)
10. ဟူပေ ပြည်နယ် - Hubei (湖北)
11. ဟူနန် ပြည်နယ် - Hunan (湖南)
12. ကျန်းစူး ပြည်နယ် - Jiangsu (江苏)
13. ကျန်းစီ ပြည်နယ် - Jiangxi (江西)
14. ကျိလင် ပြည်နယ် - Jilin (吉林)
15. လျောင်းနင် ပြည်နယ် - Liaoning (辽宁)
16. ချင်းဟိုင် ပြည်နယ် - Qinghai (青海)
17. ရှန်စီ ပြည်နယ် - Shaanxi (陕西)
18. ဆန်းတုန်း ပြည်နယ် - Shandong (山东)
19. ဆန်းစီ ပြည်နယ် - Shanxi (山西)
20. စစ်ချွမ်း ပြည်နယ် - Sichuan (四川)
21. ထိုင်ဝမ် ပြည်နယ် - Taiwan (台湾)
22. ယူနန် ပြည်နယ် - Yunnan (云南)
23. ကျဲ့ကျန်း ပြည်နယ် - Zhejiang (浙江)

• ကိုယ်ပိုင်အုပ်ချုပ်ခွင့်ရဒေသ

Autonomous regions (自治区)

1. ကွမ်ရှီး ကျွမ်းလူမျိုးကိုယ်ပိုင်အုပ်ချုပ်ခွင့်ရဒေသ | Guangxi (广西壮族自治区)
2. အတွင်းမွန်ဂိုလီးယား မွန်ဂိုလူမျိုးကိုယ်ပိုင်အုပ်ချုပ်ခွင့်ရဒေသ | Inner Mongolia (内蒙古自治区)
3. နိင်ရှ ဟွေးလူမျိုးကိုယ်ပိုင်အုပ်ချုပ်ခွင့်ရဒေသ | Ningxia (宁夏回族自治区)
4. ရှင်းကျန်း ဝေးဝူအာရ် လူမျိုးကိုယ်ပိုင်အုပ်ချုပ်ခွင့်ရဒေသ | Xinjiang (新疆维吾尔自治区)
5. တိဘက်လူမျိုးကိုယ်ပိုင်အုပ်ချုပ်ခွင့်ရဒေသ| Tibet (西藏自治区)

• မြူနီစီပါယ်အုပ်ချုပ်ရေး
• Municipalities (直辖市)

1. ပေကျင်း မြို့ | Beijing |北京市
2. ချုံချင့် မြို့ | Chongqing (重庆市)
3. ရှန်ဟိုင်း မြို့ | Shanghai (上海市)
4. ထျန်းကျင်း မြို့ | Tianjin (天津市)

• အထူးအုပ်ချုပ်ခွင့်ရဒေသ
• Special Administrative Regions (特别行政区)

1. ဟောင်ကောင်အထူးအုပ်ချုပ်ခွင့်ရဒေသ | Hong Kong (香港特別行政區)
2. မကာအိုအထူးအုပ်ချုပ်ခွင့်ရဒေသ | Macau (澳門特別行政區)

တရုတ်ဗဟိုလွင်ပြင်

Central China region.

Green = Rise of Central China Plan

'တရုတ်ဗဟိုဒေသ'Central China (ရိုးရှင်းတရုတ်: 华中; ရိုးရာတရုတ်: 華中; ပင်ယင်: Huázhōng) သည် အချက်အချာ​နေရာဖြစ်ပြီး ရော​ထွေးနေသော ယဉ်ကျေးမှုများရှိသည့်ဒေသဖြစ်သည် ။ အုပ်ချုပ်မှုနယ်မြေဒေသအရ ပါဝင်သည့် ပြည်နယ်များ provinces မှာ

1. ဟေနန် Henan Archived 10 December 2018 at the Wayback Machine.,
2. ဟူပေ Hubei
3. ဟူနန် Hunan တို့ဖြစ်ပြီး
4. ကွမ်ရှီး Jiangxi ၏ နယ်မြေ အချို့ပါဝင်သည်။

တရုတ် တောင်ဗဟိုဒေသကို နိုင်ငံတော်အစိုးရ၏ People's Republic of Chinaအုပ်ချုပ်မှုအောက်တွင်ရှိသည်။ ၂၀၀၄ ခုနှစ်၌ စီမံကိန်း Rise of Central China Plan ကို နိုင်ငံတော်ကောင်စီ State Council of the People's Republic of China အကောင်အထည်ဖော်ရာတွင် ဗဟိုဒေသကို ဝန်းရံလျက်ရှိသော ဆန်းရှီး Shanxi, အန်ဟွေ့Anhuiစသည် ဖွံ့ဖြိုးပြီးဗဟိုဒေသလည်း ပါဝင်သတ်မှတ်ထားသည်။ .

Administrative divisions

GB	ISO №
Province	Chinese_Name	Capital	Population	Density	Area	Abbreviation/Symbol

|- | style="text-align:center;" | 167,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 豫 |

| Henan Province
河南省 | | style="text-align:right;" | Zhengzhou | style="text-align:right;" | 94,023,567 | style="text-align:right;" | 563.01 | style="text-align:center;" |Hénán Shěng
HA

|- | style="text-align:center;" | HB | style="text-align:center;" | 42 | Hubei Province | 湖北省
Húběi Shěng | Wuhan | style="text-align:right;" | 57,237,740 | style="text-align:right;" | 307.89 | style="text-align:right;" | 185,900 | style="text-align:center;" |鄂
È

|- | style="text-align:center;" | HN | style="text-align:center;" | 43 | Hunan Province

| 湖南省
Húnán Shěng | Changsha | style="text-align:right;" | 65,683,722 | style="text-align:right;" | 312.77 | style="text-align:right;" | 210,000 | style="text-align:center;" |湘
Xiāng

|}