ဥပဒေဝါဒ(အတွေးအခေါ် ပညာ): တည်းဖြတ်မှု မူကွဲများ

ဝီကီပီးဒီးယား မှ
ရာဇဝင်ကို အပြန်အလှန်အားဖြင့် ဝင်ကြည့်ရန်
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မြင်ကွင်းဝီကီစာသား
"{{other uses|Legalism (disambiguation)}}..." အစချီသော စာလုံးတို့နှင့် စာမျက်နှာကို ဖန်တီးလိုက်သည်
စာတွဲ: ၂၀၁၇ ရင်းမြစ်တည်းဖြတ်
 
အရေးမကြီးNo edit summary
စာတွဲ: ၂၀၁၇ ရင်းမြစ်တည်းဖြတ်
 
စာကြောင်း ၂၃ - စာကြောင်း ၂၃ -
ဥပဒေ ဝါဒ တွင် ထင်ရှားသည့် အတွေးအခေါ် ပညာရှင်များမှာ [[ရှန်းယန်]]၊ [[ရှန်းဘုဟိုင်]]၊ [[ဟန်ဖေး]] တို့ဖြစ်သည်။
ဥပဒေ ဝါဒ တွင် ထင်ရှားသည့် အတွေးအခေါ် ပညာရှင်များမှာ [[ရှန်းယန်]]၊ [[ရှန်းဘုဟိုင်]]၊ [[ဟန်ဖေး]] တို့ဖြစ်သည်။
{{တရုတ် ဥပဒေဝါဒ}}
{{တရုတ် ဥပဒေဝါဒ}}
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Sources==
* Barbieri-Low, Anthony, trans. ''The Standard Measure of Shang Yang (344 B.C.)'' (2006)
* {{citation
| title = Chinese Thought from Confucius to Mao Tsê-tung
| given = Herrlee G. | surname = Creel | author-link = Herrlee Glessner Creel
| publisher = University of Chicago Press | year = 1953
| isbn = 978-0-226-12030-0
| postscript = .
}}
* Duyvendak, J.J.L., trans. ''The Book of Lord Shang: A Classic of the Chinese School of Law''. London: Probsthain, 1928.
* {{citation
| title = China's Legalists: The Earliest Totalitarians and Their Art of Ruling
| given = Zhengyuan | surname = Fu
| publisher = M.E. Sharpe | year = 1996
| isbn = 978-1-56324-779-8
| postscript = .
}}
* {{citation
| title = Persistent misconceptions about Chinese 'Legalism'
| given = Paul R. | surname = Goldin
| journal = Journal of Chinese Philosophy | year = 2011 | volume = 38 | issue = 1 | pages = 88–104
| doi = 10.1111/j.1540-6253.2010.01629.x | url = https://www.sas.upenn.edu/ealc/system/files/bio/%5Buser-raw%5D/papers/Persistent%20Misconceptions%20about%20Chinese%20Legalism%202016.pdf
| postscript =
}} See also
** {{citation
| title = Response to editor
| given = Paul R. | surname = Goldin
| journal = Journal of Chinese Philosophy | year = 2011 | volume = 38 | issue = 2 | pages = 328–329
| doi = 10.1111/j.1540-6253.2011.01654.x
| postscript = . | ref = none
}}
** {{citation
| title = Editor's discussion
| given = Chung-ying | surname = Cheng
| journal = Journal of Chinese Philosophy | year = 2011 | volume = 38 | issue = 2 | page = 330
| doi = 10.1111/j.1540-6253.2011.01655.x
| postscript = . | ref = none
}}
* Graham, A.C., ''Disputers of the TAO: Philosophical Argument in Ancient China'' (Open Court 1993). {{ISBN|0-8126-9087-7}}
* {{citation
| title = An Introduction to Chinese Philosophy
| given = Karyn L. | surname = Lai
| publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 2008
| isbn = 978-1-139-47171-8
| postscript = .
}}
* Pu-hai, Shen. "Appendix C: The Shen Pu-hai Fragments." Shen Pu-hai: A Chinese Political Philosopher of the Fourth Century B.C. Translated by Herrlee G. Creel. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1974.
* Qian, Sima. Records of the Grand Historian, Qin Dynasty. Translated by Burton Watson. New York: Columbia University Press, 1993.
* {{citation
| title = The World of Thought in Ancient China
| given = Benjamin I. | surname = Schwartz
| location = Cambridge, MA | publisher = Harvard University Press | year = 1985
| isbn = 978-0-674-96191-3
| postscript = .
}}
* Watson, Burton, trans. Han Fei Tzu: Basic Writings. New York: Columbia University Press, 1964.
* Xinzhong,Yao, Introduction to Confucianism (2000). {{ISBN|978-0-521-64312-2}}
* Potter, Pittman, From Leninist Discipline to Socialist Legalism : Peng Zhen on Law and Political Authority in the PRC2 (2003). {{ISBN|978-0-8047-4500-0}}

==External links==
* [https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/chinese-legalism/ Legalism in Chinese Philosophy], [[Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]], by Yuri Pines.
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b06r84qy "Chinese Legalism (In Our Time, 10/12/15)"]
* [http://www.worldfuturefund.org/wffmaster/Reading/China/China%20Legalism.htm "Chinese Legalism: Documentary Materials and Ancient Totalitarianism"]
* [http://ctext.org/legalism Legalist texts] – [[Chinese Text Project]] (Chinese and English)
* [http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/saxon/servlet/SaxonServlet?source=xwomen/texts/hanfei.xml&style=xwomen/xsl/dynaxml.xsl&chunk.id=tpage&doc.view=tocc&doc.lang=bilingual The Han Feizi]
* [http://ctext.org/shang-jun-shu Book of Lord Shang]
* [https://haquelebac.wordpress.com/2012/06/24/%E6%85%8E%E5%88%B0-shen-dao-text-and-translation/ The Shenzi]

{{Philosophy topics}}
{{Jurisprudence}}
{{Chinese philosophy}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Legalism (Chinese Philosophy)}}
[[Category:Chinese law]]
[[Category:Classical Chinese philosophy]]
[[Category:Theories of law]]
[[Category:Politics of China]]
[[Category:Political theories]]
[[Category:Legalism (Chinese philosophy)| ]]
[[Category:Movements in ancient Chinese philosophy]]

၀၅:၃၆၊ ၂၁ မတ် ၂၀၁၉ က နောက်ဆုံး တည်းဖြတ်မူ

အခြား အသုံးအနှုန်းများ အတွက် Legalism (disambiguation) ကို ကြည့်ပါ။
ဥပဒေဝါဒ
အရေးပါသည့် နိုင်ငံပြုပြင်ပြောင်းလဲရေးပညာရှင် ရှန်းယန်
တရုတ်法家
ဆိုလိုရင်းThe two basic meanings of Fa are "method" and "standard". Jia can mean "school of thought", but also "specialist" or "expert", this being the usage that has survived in modern Chinese.[၁]
ကျိုးမင်းဆက်တွင် အတွေးအခေါ် ၁၀၀ ကျောင်းတော်များမှ ထင်ရှားသည့် တရုတ်လူမျိုး အတွေးအခေါ် ပညာရှင်များ မွေးဖွားရာဒေသများ။ ဥပဒေဝါဒမှ အတွေးအခေါ် ပညာရှင်များကို အနက်ရောင် တြိဂံများဖြင့် အမှတ်အသား ပြုထားသည်။

ဥပဒေ ဝါဒ တွင် ထင်ရှားသည့် အတွေးအခေါ် ပညာရှင်များမှာ ရှန်းယန်၊ ရှန်းဘုဟိုင်၊ ဟန်ဖေး တို့ဖြစ်သည်။ တမ်းပလိတ်:တရုတ် ဥပဒေဝါဒ

References[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

  1. ↑ Paul R. Goldin, Persistent Misconceptions about Chinese Legalism. p. 4 https://www.academia.edu/24999390/Persistent_Misconceptions_about_Chinese_Legalism_

Sources[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

  • Barbieri-Low, Anthony, trans. The Standard Measure of Shang Yang (344 B.C.) (2006)
  • Creel၊ Herrlee G. (1953)၊ Chinese Thought from Confucius to Mao Tsê-tung၊ University of Chicago Press၊ ISBN 978-0-226-12030-0.
  • Duyvendak, J.J.L., trans. The Book of Lord Shang: A Classic of the Chinese School of Law. London: Probsthain, 1928.
  • Fu၊ Zhengyuan (1996)၊ China's Legalists: The Earliest Totalitarians and Their Art of Ruling၊ M.E. Sharpe၊ ISBN 978-1-56324-779-8.
  • Goldin၊ Paul R. (2011)၊ "Persistent misconceptions about Chinese 'Legalism'" (PDF)၊ Journal of Chinese Philosophy၊ 38 (1): 88–104၊ doi:10.1111/j.1540-6253.2010.01629.x See also
  • Graham, A.C., Disputers of the TAO: Philosophical Argument in Ancient China (Open Court 1993). ISBN 0-8126-9087-7
  • Lai၊ Karyn L. (2008)၊ An Introduction to Chinese Philosophy၊ Cambridge University Press၊ ISBN 978-1-139-47171-8.
  • Pu-hai, Shen. "Appendix C: The Shen Pu-hai Fragments." Shen Pu-hai: A Chinese Political Philosopher of the Fourth Century B.C. Translated by Herrlee G. Creel. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1974.
  • Qian, Sima. Records of the Grand Historian, Qin Dynasty. Translated by Burton Watson. New York: Columbia University Press, 1993.
  • Schwartz၊ Benjamin I. (1985)၊ The World of Thought in Ancient China၊ Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press၊ ISBN 978-0-674-96191-3.
  • Watson, Burton, trans. Han Fei Tzu: Basic Writings. New York: Columbia University Press, 1964.
  • Xinzhong,Yao, Introduction to Confucianism (2000). ISBN 978-0-521-64312-2
  • Potter, Pittman, From Leninist Discipline to Socialist Legalism : Peng Zhen on Law and Political Authority in the PRC2 (2003). ISBN 978-0-8047-4500-0

External links[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

တမ်းပလိတ်:Philosophy topics တမ်းပလိတ်:Jurisprudence တမ်းပလိတ်:Chinese philosophy

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