မာတိကာသို့ ခုန်သွားရန်

တူရကီနိုင်ငံ၏ ဘုရင်များ စာရင်း

ဝီကီပီးဒီးယား မှ
the Ottoman Empire၏ Sultan
Osmanlı padişahı
Imperial
Last to reign
Mehmed VI
4 July 1918 – 1 November 1922
အသေးစိတ်များ
အခေါ်အဝေါ်His Imperial Majesty
ပထမဆုံးဘုရင်Osman I (c. 1299–1323/4)
နောက်ဆုံးဘုရင်Mehmed VI (1918–1922)
ဖွဲ့စည်းပုံc. 1299
စွန့်လွှတ်1 November 1922
စံအိမ်Palaces in Istanbul:
အပ်နှင်းသူHereditary
အော်တိုမန် အင်ပါယာစံ
နွယ်ပင်
၁၆၈၃ ခုနှစ်တွင် အော်တိုမန်အင်ပါယာသည် ဥရောပတွင် ၎င်း၏ နယ်မြေချဲ့ထွင်မှု မြင့်မားလာခဲ့သည်။

အော့တမန် အင်ပိုင်ယာ (၁၂၉၉ - ၁၉၂၂)

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

အော်တိုမန်အင်ပါယာ (Ottoman Empire) သည် တူရကီတို့ ထူထောင်ခဲ့သော အင်ပါယာ ၁၆ ခုတွင် တစ်ခု အပါအဝင်ဖြစ်ပြီး ၁၂၉၉ ခုနှစ် ဇူလိုင်လ ၂၇ ရက်မှ ၁၉၂၃ ခုနှစ် အောက်တိုဘာလ ၂၉ ရက် အထိ သက်တမ်းကြာမြင့်ခဲ့သည်။ အော်တိုမန် အင်ပါယာသည် သမိုင်းကြောင်းတွင် အကြီးဆုံးနှင့် အကြာမြင့်ဆုံးသော အင်ပါယာများတွင် တစ်ခု အပါအဝင် ဖြစ်သည်။ ထိုအင်ပါယာသည် အစ္စလာမ် ဘာသာဝင်နှင့် အစ္စလာမ် ဘာသာရေး အဖွဲ့အစည်းတို့မှ ထူထောင် ထိန်းသိမ်းခဲ့ခြင်း ဖြစ်သည်။

No. Sultan Portrait Reign Tughra Notes Coinage
Rise of the Ottoman Empire

(1299 – 1453)
1 ဥတ်စမန်း၊ ပထမ c. 1299 – c. 1324

(25 years~)		 N/A[c]
  • Son of Ertuğrul Bey and an unknown woman.
  • Reigned until his death.
2 ဩရ်ဟန် c. 1324 – March 1362

(38 years~)		 Tughra of Orhan
  • Son of Osman I and Malhun Hatun (unclear).[၁]
  • Reigned until his death.
3 မူရတ်၊ ပထမ March 1362 – 15 June 1389

(27 years, 3 months)		 Tughra of Murad I
  • Son of Orhan and Nilüfer Hatun.[၁]
  • Reigned until his death.
  • Killed on the battlefield at the Battle of Kosovo on June 15, 1389.
4 ဘားယေဇစ်ဒ်၊ ပထမ 15 June 1389 – 20 July 1402

(13 years, 35 days)		 Tughra of Bayezid I
  • Son of Murad I and Gülçiçek Hatun.[၁]
  • Captured on the battlefield at the Battle of Ankara against Timur.
  • Died in captivity in Akşehir on 8 March 1403.
Ottoman Interregnum[d]

(20 July 1402 – 5 July 1413)
— အီစား ကျေလေးဘီ

İsa Çelebi

 January – March/May 1403

(3–5 months)		 N/A
  • Co-sultan of Anatolia
  • After the Battle of Ankara, İsa Çelebi defeated Musa Çelebi and took the western Anatolian territories for approximately two years.
  • Defeated by Mehmed Çelebi in the Battle of Ulubad in March or May 1403.
  • Strangled in September 1403.
 N/A
— စူလေးမန် ကျေလေးဘီ

Süleyman Çelebi

 20 July 1402 –

17 February 1411

(8 years, 212 days)
  • Acquired the title of The Sultan of Rumelia for the European portion of the empire, a short period after the Ottoman defeat at Ankara.
  • Murdered on 17 February 1411.[၂]
— မူစာ ကျေလေးဘီ

Musa Çelebi

 18 February 1411 –

5 July 1413

(2 years, 137 days)		 N/A
  • Acquired the title of The Sultan of Rumelia for the European portion of the empire on 18 February 1411, just after the death of Süleyman Çelebi.
  • Killed on 5 July 1413 by Mehmed Çelebi's forces in the battle of Çamurlu Derbent near Samokov in Bulgaria.[၃]
— မေဟ်မတ်‌ဒ် ကျေလေးဘီ

Mehmed Çelebi

 1403 – 5 July 1413

(10 years)		 N/A
  • Acquired the control of Eastern Anatolia as co-Sultan after the Battle of Ankara.
  • Defeated İsa Çelebi in the battle of Ulubat in 1405.
  • Became the sole ruler of Anatolia upon İsa's death in 1406.
  • Acquired the title of Ottoman Sultan Mehmed I Khan upon Musa's death.
Sultanate resumed
5 Mehmed I 5 July 1413 – 26 May 1421

(7 years, 325 days)		 Tughra of Mehmed I
  • Son of Bayezid I and Devlet Hatun.[၁]
  • Reigned until his death.
 N/A
— Mustafa Çelebi N/A January 1419 – May 1422

(3 years, 4 months)		 N/A
  • Sultan of Rumelia
  • Son of Bayezid I
  • Executed by Murad II
6 Murad II 25 June 1421 –

August 1444

(23 years, 2 months)		 Tughra of Murad II
  • Son of Mehmed I and Emine Hatun.[၁]
  • Abdicated of his own free will in favour of his son Mehmed II.
7 Mehmed II August 1444 –

September 1446

(2 years, 1 month)		 Tughra of Mehmed II
  • First reign
  • Son of Murad II and Hüma Hatun.[၁]
  • Surrendered the throne to his father after having asked him to return to power, along with rising threats from Janissaries.
(6) Murad II September 1446 –

3 February 1451

(4 years, 5 months)		 Tughra of Murad II
  • Second reign
  • Forced to return to the throne following a Janissary insurgence.
  • Reigned until his death.
 N/A
Growth of the Ottoman Empire

(1453–1550)
(7) Mehmed II 3 February 1451 –

3 May 1481

(30 years, 89 days)		 Tughra of Mehmed II
  • Second reign
  • Conquered Constantinople in 1453.
  • Reigned until his death.
8 Bayezid II 19 May 1481 –

25 April 1512

(30 years, 342 days)		 Tughra of Bayezid II
  • Son of Mehmed II and Gülbahar Hatun.[၁]
  • Abdicated.
  • Died near Didymoteicho on 26 May 1512.
— Cem Sultan 28 May – 20 June 1481

(23 days)		 Tughra of Cem
  • Son of Mehmed II
  • Acquired the title Cem bin Mehmed Han.
  • Died in exile
9 Selim I 25 April 1512 –

21 September 1520

(8 years, 149 days)		 Tughra of Selim I
  • Conquered Mamluks in 1516–1517.
  • First Ottoman Caliph.
  • Son of Bayezid II and Gülbahar Hatun.
  • Reigned until his death.
10 Suleiman I 30 September 1520 –

6 September 1566

(45 years, 341 days)		 Tughra of Suleiman I
  • Son of Selim I and Hafsa Sultan.
  • Died of natural causes in his tent during the Siege of Szigetvár in 1566.[၄]
Transformation of the Ottoman Empire

(1550–1700)
11 Selim II 29 September 1566 –

15 December 1574

(8 years, 77 days)		 Tughra of Selim II
  • Son of Suleiman I and Hürrem Sultan.
  • Reigned until his death.
12 Murad III 27 December 1574 –

16 January 1595

(20 years, 20 days)		 Tughra of Murad III
  • Son of Selim II and Nurbanu Sultan.
  • Reigned until his death.
13 Mehmed III 16 January 1595 –

22 December 1603

(8 years, 340 days)		 Tughra of Mehmed III
  • Son of Murad III and Safiye Sultan.
  • Reigned until his death
14 Ahmed I 22 December 1603 –

22 November 1617

(13 years, 335 days)		 Tughra of Ahmed I
  • Son of Mehmed III and Handan Sultan.
  • Reigned until his death.
15 Mustafa I 22 November 1617 –

26 February 1618

(96 days)		 Tughra of Mustafa I
  • Son of Mehmed III and Halime Sultan.
  • Deposed due to his mental instability in favour of his young nephew Osman II.
 N/A
16 Osman II 26 February 1618 –

19 May 1622

(4 years, 82 days)		 Tughra of Osman II
  • Son of Ahmed I and Mahfiruz Hatun.
  • Deposed in a Janissary riot on 19 May 1622.
  • Murdered on 20 May 1622 by the Grand Vizier Kara Davud Pasha.
(15) Mustafa I 20 May 1622 –

10 September 1623

(1 year, 113 days)		 Tughra of Mustafa I
  • Second reign.
  • Returned to the throne after the assassination of his nephew Osman II.
  • Deposed due to his poor mental health and confined until his death in Istanbul on 20 January 1639.
 N/A
17 Murad IV 10 September 1623 –

8 February 1640

(16 years, 151 days)		 Tughra of Murad IV
  • Son of Ahmed I and Kösem Sultan.
  • Ruled under the regency of his mother Kösem Sultan until 1632.
  • Reigned until his death.
 N/A
18 Ibrahim 9 February 1640 –

8 August 1648

(8 years, 181 days)		 Tughra of Ibrahim
  • Son of Ahmed I and Kösem Sultan.
  • Deposed on 8 August 1648 in a coup led by the Sheikh ul-Islam.
  • Strangled in Istanbul on 18 August 1648 at the behest of the Grand Vizier Mevlevî Mehmed Paşa (Sofu Mehmed Pasha).
 N/A
19 Mehmed IV 8 August 1648 –

8 November 1687

(39 years, 92 days)		 Tughra of Mehmed IV
  • Son of Ibrahim and Turhan Sultan.
  • Ruled under the regency of his grandmother Kösem Sultan until 1651.
  • Ruled under the regency of his mother Turhan Sultan from 1651 until 1656.
  • Deposed on 8 November 1687 following the Ottoman defeat at the Second Battle of Mohács.
  • Died in Edirne on 6 January 1693.
20 Suleiman II
8 November 1687 –

22 June 1691

(3 years, 226 days)		 Tughra of Suleiman II
  • Son of Ibrahim and Dilaşub Sultan.
  • Reigned until his death.
21 Ahmed II 22 June 1691 –

6 February 1695

(3 years, 229 days)		 Tughra of Ahmed II
  • Son of Ibrahim and Muazzez Sultan.
  • Reigned until his death.
 N/A
22 Mustafa II 6 February 1695 –

22 August 1703

(8 years, 197 days)		 Tughra of Mustafa II
  • Son of Mehmed IV and Gülnuş Sultan.
  • Deposed on 22 August 1703 by a Janissary uprising known as the Edirne Event.
  • Died in Istanbul on 8 January 1704.
Stagnation and reform of the Ottoman Empire

(1700–1827)
23 Ahmed III
22 August 1703 –

1 October 1730

(27 years, 40 days)		 Tughra of Ahmed III
  • Son of Mehmed IV and Gülnuş Sultan.
  • Deposed in consequence of the Janissary rebellion led by Patrona Halil.
  • Died on 1 July 1736.
24 Mahmud I 2 October 1730 –

13 December 1754

(24 years, 72 days)		 Tughra of Mahmud I
  • Son of Mustafa II and Saliha Sultan.
  • Reigned until his death.
25 Osman III 13 December 1754 –

30 October 1757

(2 years, 321 days)		 Tughra of Osman III
  • Son of Mustafa II and Şehsuvar Sultan.
  • Reigned until his death.
26 Mustafa III 30 October 1757 –

21 January 1774

(16 years, 83 days)		 Tughra of Mustafa III
  • Son of Ahmed III and Mihrişah Kadın.
  • Reigned until his death.
27 Abdul Hamid I 21 January 1774 –

7 April 1789

(15 years, 76 days)		 Tughra of Abdul Hamid I
  • Son of Ahmed III and Rabia Şermi Kadın.
  • Reigned until his death.
28 Selim III 7 April 1789 –

29 May 1807

(18 years, 52 days)		 Tughra of Selim III
  • Son of Mustafa III and Mihrişah Sultan.
  • Deposed as a result of the Janissary revolt led by Kabakçı Mustafa against his reforms.
  • Assassinated in Istanbul on 28 July 1808 at the behest of Ottoman Sultan Mustafa IV.
29 Mustafa IV 29 May 1807 –

28 July 1808

(1 year, 60 days)		 Tughra of Mustafa IV
  • Son of Abdul Hamid I and Sineperver Sultan.
  • Deposed in an insurrection led by Alemdar Mustafa Pasha.
  • Executed in Istanbul on 17 November 1808 by order of Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II.
 N/A
Modernization of the Ottoman Empire

(1827–1908)
30 Mahmud II 28 July 1808 –

1 July 1839

(30 years, 338 days)		 Tughra of Mahmud II
  • Son of Abdul Hamid I and Nakşidil Sultan.
  • Disbanded the Janissaries in consequence of the Auspicious Incident in 1826.
  • Reigned until his death.
31 Abdul Mejid I Abdulmejid portrait 1 July 1839 –

25 June 1861

(21 years, 359 days)		 Tughra of Abdulmejid I
  • Son of Mahmud II and Bezmiâlem Sultan.
  • Proclaimed the Imperial Edict of Gülhane <i id="mwBeA">(Tanzimât Fermânı)</i> that launched the Tanzimat period of reforms and reorganization on 3 November 1839 at the behest of reformist Grand vizier Mustafa Reşid Pasha.
  • Accepted the Islâhat Hatt-ı Hümayun (Imperial Reform Edict) <i id="mwBeY">(Islâhat Fermânı)</i> on 18 February 1856;
  • Reigned until his death.
32 Abdul Aziz 25 June 1861 –

30 May 1876

(14 years, 340 days)		 Tughra of Abdulaziz
  • Son of Mahmud II and Pertevniyal Sultan.
  • Deposed by his ministers.
  • Found dead (suicide or murder) five days later.
33 Murad V 30 May – 31 August 1876

(93 days)		 Tughra of Murad V
  • Son of Abdulmejid I and Şevkefza Sultan.
  • Deposed due to his ill mental health
  • Ordered to reside in Çırağan Palace where he died on 29 August 1904.
 N/A
34 Abdul Hamid II 31 August 1876 –

27 April 1909

(32 years, 239 days)		 Tughra of Abdul Hamid II
  • Son of Abdulmejid I and Tirimüjgan Kadın (later became the adoptive son of Rahime Perestu Sultan).
  • Reluctantly allowed the First Constitutional Era on 23 November 1876 and then suspended it on 13 February 1878.
  • Forced to restore the Constitution on 3 July 1908;
  • Deposed after the 31 March Incident.
  • Confined to Beylerbeyi Palace where he died on 10 February 1918.
35 Mehmed V Reşâd 27 April 1909 –

3 July 1918

(9 years, 67 days)		 Tughra of Mehmed V
  • Son of Abdulmejid I and Gülcemal Kadın (later became the adoptive son of Servetseza Kadın).
  • Reigned as a figurehead of Mehmed Talat, İsmail Enver, and Ahmed Cemal Pashas
  • Reigned until his death.
36 Mehmed VI Vahideddin 4 July 1918 –

1 November 1922

(4 years, 120 days)		 Tughra of Mehmed VI
  • Son of Abdulmejid I and Gülistu Kadın (later became the adoptive son of Şayeste Hanım)
  • Sultanate abolished.
  • Left Istanbul on 17 November 1922.
  • Died in exile in Sanremo, Italy on 16 May 1926.
Caliph under the Grand National Assembly of Turkey

(1 November 1922 – 3 March 1924)
— Abdul Mejid II 19 November 1922 –

3 March 1924

(1 year, 106 days)		 —

[c]
  • Son of Abdulaziz and Hayranidil Kadın;
  • Exiled after the abolition of the Caliphate;
  • Died in Paris, France on 23 August 1944.
 —

ကြည့်ပါ။

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
  • အော်တိုမန် ထီးနန်းဆက်ခံရေးလိုင်း
  • အော်တိုမန် စူလတန် မိသားစုသစ်ပင်
  • အော်တိုမန်နွယ်ပင် (အသေးစိတ်)
  • တရားဝင်စူလတန်များစာရင်း
  • အော်တိုမန် ဘုရင်ခံများစာရင်း

မှတ်စုများ

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

 

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ကိုးကား အမှား - Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "lm".
  2. ↑ ကိုးကား အမှား - Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "Jor09".
  3. ↑ ကိုးကား အမှား - Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "vonH".
  4. ↑ Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire။ 2009။ |editor2-first= missing |editor2-last= (အကူအညီ)

ကျမ်းကိုးစာရင်း

[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]

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